those admirable consequences which are derived from the Earths annual motion, to the other Planets, that is to say, of the ** Or progressions. directions and retrogradations of the three uppermost in particular;The apparent diversity of motion in the Planets, is insensible in the fixed Start. he subjoyneth, that this apparent mutation (which is discerned more in Mars than in Jupiter, by reason Jupiter is more remote, and yet lesse in Saturn, by reason it is more remote than Jupiter) in the fixed Stars, did remain imperceptible, by reason of their immense remotenesse from us, in comparison of the distances of Jupiter or Saturn. Here the Adversaries of this opinion rise up, and supposing that fore-named imperceptibility of Copernicus, as if it had been taken by him, for a real and absolute thing of nothing, and adding, that a fixed Star of one of the lesser magnitudes, is notwithstanding perceptible, seeing that it cometh under the sence of seeing, they go on to calculate with the intervention of other false assumptions, and concluding that it is necessary by the Copernican Doctrine, to admit, that a fixed Star is much bigger than the whole grand Orb.Supposing that a fixed Star of the sixth magnitude is no bigger than the Sun, the diversitie which is so great in the Planets, in the fixed Stars is almost insensible. Now to discover the vanity of this their whole proceeding, I shall shew that a fixed Star of the sixth magnitude, being supposed to be no bigger than the Sun, one may thence conclude with true demonstrations, that the distance of the said fixed Stars from us, cometh to be so great, that the annual motion of the Earth, which causeth so great and notable variations in the Planets, appears scarce observable in them; and at the same time, I will distinctly shew the gross fallacies, in the assumptions of Copernicus his Adversaries.
And first of all,The distance of the Sun, containeth 1208 Semid. of the Earth. I suppose with the said Copernicus, and also with his opposers, that the Semidiameter of the grand Orb, which is the distance of the Earth from the Sun, containeth 1208 Semidiameters of the said Earth. Secondly, I premise with the allowance aforesaid, and of truth, that the ** The Diameter of the Sun, half a degree. apparent diameter of the Sun in its mean distance, to be about half a degree, that is, 30. min. prim. which are 1800. seconds, that is, 108000. thirds. And because the The Diameter of a fixed Star, of the first magnitude, and of one of the sixth. apparent Diameter of a fixed Star of the first magnitude, is no more than 5. seconds, that is, 300. thirds, and the Diameter of a fixed Star of the sixth magnitude, 50. thirds, (and herein is the greatest errour of the Anti-Copernicans) Therefore the Diameter of the Sun,The apparent Diameter of the Sun, how much it is bigger than that of a fixed star. containeth the Diameter of a fixed Star of the sixth magnitude 2160. times. And therefore if a fixed Star of the sixth magnitude, were supposed to be really equal to the Sun, and not bigger, which is the same as to say, if the Sun were so far removed, that its Diameter should seem to be one of the 2160. parts of what it now appeareth, its distance ought of necessity to be 2160. times greater than now in effect it is, which is as much as to say, that the distance of the fixed Stars of the sixth magnitude, is 2160. Semidiameters of the grandOrb.
