Loc., fossil. In the Scotch and Irish pleistocene beds, not unfrequent. [Russia, Sweden.]
Loc., living. In the northern and Celtic regions of the European Seas.
Note, Fossil in the coralline and red crags.
2. Balanus balanoides (Lepas sp.), Linnæus.
Syn., Balanus vulgaris, Da Costa. B. ovularis, Lamarck.
Loc., fossil. Fragments of this species occur in most of the British pleistocene beds. Mammaliferous crag of Postwick.
Loc., living. European and North American Seas.
Note. A red crag species.
3. Balanus uddevallensis, linnæus.
Syn., Balanus candidus, Wood. Balanus scoticus, Wood.
Loc., fossil. Valves of this species are not unfrequent in the British pleistocene beds. [Sweden, Canada.]
Note, All the British glacial Balani I have yet seen may be referred to the three preceding species. The following, however, have been enumerated in addition, and should be carefully sought for.
Balanus costatus, Clyde.
Balanus rugosus, Clyde.
Balanus punctatus.
Balanus tintinnabulum, (a mistake?)
[4. Balanus miser, Gould.
Loc., fossil. Canada, Mr. Lyell.]
5. Creusia verruca (Lepas sp.), Chemnitz.
Syn., Lepas stromia, Muller. Lepas striata, Pennant.
Loc., fossil. Clyde beds.
Loc., living. European Seas.
Annellida.
Spirorbis corrugatus, Serpula vermicularis and Vermilia triquetra are all enumerated in Mr. Smith's list, as British pleistocene fossils. The necessity of an examination of the operculum, as recently shown by Phillippi, in order to determine the genus to which a shell-bearing annelide belongs, throws doubt on the certainty of these determinations, though none in the reference of the fossils to the species usually so called. It is impossible to determine the genus of several annelides to which the shells usually called Vermilia triquetra belong without having the operculum before us. That operculum may yet be found, and as the most common form of the so-called Vermilia in the British Seas, is the Pomatoceros tricuspis, it will probably prove to belong to that species. If the conclusions of Phillippi be admitted the shells of annelides can have no palæontological bearings further than as affording indications of the presence of their order and class.
Radiata.
Echinodermata.
[1. Echinus neglectus, Lamarck.
Loc., fossil. Uddevalla in Sweden. This is the Echinus figured by Mr.
