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NEW BOOKS. 575 philosophers of the seventeenth century, Leibniz most closely resembles Hegel (p. 141). This is a significant and profound remark. It is to be regretted that it was not developed at greater length. It would involve the whole question of Hegel's treatment of the individual. We should perhaps have to distinguish between the recognition of the individual which Hegel ought to have yielded, on his own premises, and the dis- paragement of the individual which may not infrequently be found hi his applications of his system. The discussion of Hegel's pantheism which follows is perhaps scarcely exhaustive. No doubt Hegel's God is neither an unrealised ideal nor a blind necessity. But the further question still remains whether he is a society or a person. Both the Logic and the Philosophy of Religion give some grounds for supposing that he or rather it must be conceived as a society, and in that case Pantheist might perhaps be the least in- appropriate label for Hegel's theological position. The book closes with a discussion of the relation of Hegel to con- temporary thought. It is devoted mainly to the consideration of objec- tions raised by positivists and neo-criticists. It is natural that every writer should give most attention to the criticisms which come from his own country, but it would have been very interesting and useful if Mr. Noel had seen his way to include Lotze and Mr. Bradley among the philosophers he discusses. They both stand much nearer to Hegel than Comte or Mr. Renouvier, and, for that very reason, their differences from Hegel are more significant. They require careful and thorough treat- ment from a Hegelian standpoint, which no one would be better quali- fied to give than Mr. Noel, if he feels inclined to increase the debt which all students of Hegel already owe him for his brilliant and scholarly work. J. ELLIS McTAGGART. RECEIVED also : A. L. Ranney, Eye-Strain in Health o,nd Disease, Philadelphia, New York and Chicago, The F. A. Davis Company, 1897, pp. viii., 321. K. S. Guthrie, The Philosophy of Plotinos, Philadelphia, Dunlop Printing Company, pp. 64. A. M. Bell, The Science of Speech, Washington, D.C., The Yolta Bureau, 1897, pp. 56. T. Ribot, The Psychology of the Emotions, London, Walter Scott, 1897, pp. xix., 455. E. Parish, Hallucinations and Illusions, London, Walter Scott, 1897, pp. xiv., 390. W. Wundt, Outlines of Psychology (translated, with the co-operation of the author, by C. H. Judd), Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1897, Lon- don, Williams & Norgate, 1897, pp. xviii., 342. Dr. Christison, Crime and Criminals, Chicago, The W. T. Keener Com- pany, 1897, pp. 117. F. H. Collins, Epitome of Synthetic Philosophy of Herbert Spencer, with a preface by Herbert Spencer, fourth edition, London, Williams & Norgate, 1897, pp. xi., 680. J. H. Bridges (edited by), The ' Opus Majus ' of Roger Bacon, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1897, two vols., pp. clxxxvii., 404; 568. J. Strada, La religion de la science et de I'csprit pur, tome premier, Paris, Felix Alcan, 1897, pp. xvi., 405.