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DR. WARD'S REFUTATION OF DUALISM. 371 foreign in nature, but mind or spirit like the rest (and to this conclusion we are driven) then, in it too will be found the duality in unity of subject and object. We are here provided with a conception which may prove equal to accom- plishing for the Absolute Idea a service similar to that which Utilitarianism accomplishes for ' Transcendental ' Ethics, and the label Spiritual ixtii- Monism seems to be rightfully applied to a theory which supplements the many finite spirits which we each know directly (as ourself) or indirectly (as others) by an all-pervading spirit that on its own object-side is that concrete continuous Object which we have called the material universe, and the only non-ego that is ever directly presented to any finite subject. This seems to provide a possibility of supplying Lotze's view with a more satis- factory spiritual unification between the members of his Kealm of Ends than he himself has indicated. But I am not, of course, sure of having fully grasped and rightly in- terpreted the view which is here suggested to us without being followed out into its consequences and can still less profess to have tested it by application to all the questions which a theory of the universe has to take account of. As far as I can form a judgment however, it seems to be a real ' fetch ' of genius (to use Dr. Bain's picturesque expression) ; and we are justified in supposing that a thinker so sure and penetrating, so patient, thorough and scrupulous as the author of this book has here and elsewhere shown himself to be would not have put forward, even in hint and outline, a philosophical view of such importance unless he had first severely scrutinised and tested it. The greatness of the enterprise and the force and stead- fastness with which it has been carried through tend to withdraw remark from those excellencies of style and articu- lation which together with fulness of detail and wealth of illustration are inestimable aids to the reader though they make it all the more difficult to convey in a few pages any adequate idea of the work. And with all these helps to interest and comprehension, the view put forth in itself, I think, both simple and irresistible is perhaps too startling and reached by too much hard thinking, to meet with wide and easy and immediate acceptance.