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426 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. the absence of an image. (6) The average duration of the memory after-image is quite constant.] V. F. Moore. The Psychology of Hobbes and Its Sources.' [Sketch of Hobbes' psychology from the Lev., Lie Corp. De Horn., and Human Xatun: Bacon furnishes the conception of psychology as science, the general empirical trend of thought, and various special suggestions. Descartes gives the conception of nature as mechanism, and the extension of the mechanical principle to body and mind.] F. Angell and H. Harwood. Experiments on Discrimi- nation of Clangs for Different Intervals of Time (I.).' [Difference between discrimination of two successive impressions and serial memory. Be- tween the limits of 1 second and 60 seconds there is " no general law of sensory memory," i.e.., no loss of memory with lapse of time, in experiments with clangs (reed notes) whether with or without distraction. The results therefore disagree with those of Wolfe. We must examine into the various modes of judgment-formation, and into the validity of the old doctrine of recognition by a memory-image.] W. S. Small. ' Notes on the Psychic Development of the Young White Eat.' [Extracts from Diary, first to twenty-eighth day. Discussion of sucking ; sensations (especially 'sense of support' and orientation, and sight and hearing); instinctive activities (huddling, play, etc.) ; affective states (fear, curio- sity) ; and intelligence.] M. H. Carter. Romanes' Idea of Mental Development.' [Romanes held but vaguely that mind is casually related to organic evolution. The relation of mind to body is, for him, one of complete monism. Mind covers only those vital manifestations which give evidence of purpose and choice. Mental Development consists " essentially in a progressive co-ordination of progressively-developing faculties," preceded by a similar development of the physical substrate of mind, the body.] E. B. Titchener. ' Minor Studies from the Psy- chological Laboratory of Cornell University (XVIII.). H. O. Cook. ' Fluctuation of the Attention to Musical Tones.' [Maintains, against Heinrich, that minimal tones (acoumeter, tuning-fork, blown bottle) fluctuate as do minimal noises.] Psychological Literature. Notes and News. Books Received. REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE. May, 1900. F. lie Dantec. ' Homologie et Analogie.' [A long and interesting article, discussing the principles which should regulate natural classification.] Gerard- Varet. 'La Psychologic Objective.' [History studies events ; sociology, states ; objec- tive psychology, tendencies. These tendencies are universal and per- manent, although in the course of mental development they may be pushed into the background or take on forms in which they are not immediately recognisable. Hence they are the subject of objective, rather than subjective, psychology, for the latter deals with the higher forms of mind, i.e., self-consciousness, while the former is concerned with thought in its spontaneous manifestations.] Notes et discussions. Claparede. ' Sur 1'audition coloree.' Richard. ' Les droits de la critique en matiere sociologique.' Revue critique. CK Richard. ' Travaux italiens sur la criininalittl' Analyses et Comptes Rendus. June, 1900. P. Paulhan. 'Les Esprits Synthetiques.' [In minds of this type ideas are assimilated en bloc instead of singly, which fre- quently involves inner contradiction and inconsistency ; on the other hand they exhibit a mental robustness generally lacking in those of the analytic type.] Dugas. ' Fanatisme et Charlatanisme.' ["Normal ideas" are such as engender (1) judgments ; (2) actions. ' Pure ' ideas fail to do this. They may engender (ft) actions, but such as are vain and foolish only ; (b'j judgments only and these materially false ; (o) neither judgments nor actions.] Calinon. Sur la Gi'ometrie Numurique.'