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546 NEW BOOKS. in two worlds at once. For the rest the reader will find here mention of most of the commonplaces, pro and con, by which the dialectical discussion of ' spirit-seeing ' has been carried on to this day. F. C. S. SCHILLER. The Making of Character : Some Educational Aspects of Ethics. By JOHN MAcCuNN. Cambridge : University Press, 1900. Pp. vii., 226. Prof. MacCunn's contribution to the Cambridge Series for Schools and Training Colleges is written with admirable lucidity, scholarship and good taste, and with a keen generous interest in the important subject of which it treats. The main divisions of the work deal with congenital endowment, educative influences, sound judgment, and self-development combined with self-control. The treatment is not sketchy, but a great range of ethical topics is handled with sententious brevity. The author points out that the end of moral education is to produce sound moral judgment, and it is in dealing with this central topic that the author shows most plainly his capacity as a philosopher and student of educa- tion. Government or Human Evolution. Part i., Justice. By EDMOWD KELLY. London : Longmans, 1900. Pp. xv., 360. This is a book of very little value. The preface promises well by stating that the work " is not the result of mere theoretical speculation, but rather of a particular experience in practical politics," to wit, an attempt to break the Tammany influence in New York municipal politics. This led the author to a study of Justice, which, in the end, he defines mainly by its contrast to Nature. " If the inequalities, the capriciousness and the cruelty of Nature be regarded as making up injustice, human justice is the effort of man to repair the injustice, or rather inequality, of Nature." The author's whole argument amounts to nothing more than Huxley's famous opposition between the moral conditions of society and natural competition. His prolix statement is encumbered with much inaccurate erudition and disfigured by a slipshod journalistic style. For the erudition we may quote the statement that " Ulpian, fatally attracted by the obvious significance of the word natural, inserted a definition of natural rights into the Institutes of Justinian " ; for the style we may instance the quaint remark that " Socrates turned his back upon Nature in order to concentrate it upon man ". Des Indes a la Planete Mars, fitude sur un cas de somnambulisms avec glossolalie. Par TH. FLOUBNOY, Prof, de Psychologic a la Faculte des Sciences de 1'Universite de Geneve. Paris : F. Alcan ; Geneve : Eggimann et Cie. 1900. Pp. xii., 418. The title of Prof. Flournoy's volume, though well fitted to attract the popular attention which his interesting and well-written treatise well deserves and will undoubtedly receive (it is already in its second edition), hardly suggests its real character. It is in reality a thoroughly scientific, careful, candid and judicious study of a most interesting case of ' medium- ship,' which throws a flood of light on this and many allied subjects of psychological inquiry, and will rank high among the all-too-few classical treatises in a frviitful field which has too long been abandoned to the pullulations of superstition.