§ 5616, Comp. Laws 1913, provides in effect that where the homestead can be divided without material injury there shall be set off to the claimant thereof so much of the real property, including the residence, as will amount in value to the homestead exemption, and that an execution may be enforced against the remainder of the real property. In such case, of course there is no forced sale of the homestead.
But § 5617, Comp. Laws, provides, in substance, that where the homestead exceeds in value the amount of the homestead exemption, and where it cannot be divided without material injury, the court shall make an order directing its sale under execution; and § 5618 provides, in substance, that where the sale is thus made, the proceeds to the amount of the homestead exemption must be paid to the homestead claimant, and the residue applied to the satisfaction of the execution.
These two latter sections provide for a forced sale of the homestead, and thus directly contravene the provisions of § 208, and hence they are invalid. The object of that constitutional provision is to keep the homestead intact and to prohibit a forced sale of it. Its purpose is to protect the home and to prevent its disintegration. It were better that the creditor should lose his claim, even though the homestead exemption is of a greater value than $5,000 and is indivisible, than that the home should be destroyed and the family set adrift.
True it is, if a conveyance, not executed and acknowledged by both husband and wife, should include a greater area of land than that allowed by law as a homestead, and in which the homestead was included, it would be void as against the homestead; it would, nevertheless, be valid as to that part which is in excess of the lawful area of the homestead. That question is not presented in this case. Here, the tract involved does not exceed in extent that prescribed in § 5605, C. L. 1913.
Assuming, however, that §§ 5617 and 5618, supra, are ‘not invalid and not contrary to the provisions of § 208 of the Constitution (though we are certain those sections are clearly invalid), nevertheless the plaintiff’s mortgage is, for additional reasons, ineffective and nonenforceable, and this for the reasons now to be stated.
The trial court found that the value of the homestead was $7,200. At the trial, testimony as to the value of the land was given by quite a number of witnesses. The trial court saw these witnesses and heard them testify; and, in the circumstances of this case, we think its finding as to value is determinative of that question.
