10 s. vni. AUG. 24, loo?.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
evening. That Finchley favourite was in
due course driven off the road when the
service of yellow " Generals " was started.
These went no further than " The Duke of
tt. Albans " public -house at the corner
of Swain's Lane. They, in turn, have now
vanished before the tramcar. I think
sixpence was the single fare in those days
for a ride in the little Finchley 'bus from
Highgate to Trafalgar Square.
CECIL CLARKE. Junior Athenaeum Club.
In a sense, the Hampstead line has been "killed. The old three-horse 'bus (a familiar figure on Haverstock Hill) which started from Victoria has departed : in its place a yellow two-horse one travels from Hamp- stead to Bayswater. This modification of routes is wise and praiseworthy, inasmuch as it will open up sources of traffic and large tracts of territory hitherto neglected by omnibus proprietors.
M. L. R. BRESLAR.
PIE : TART (10 S. viii. 109, 134). As to the distinction between " pie " and " tart " G. M. T. cites a recent American dictionary, but apparently he has not referred to the ' Oxford English Dictionary,' s.v. ' Pie,' where the English historical usage is fully exhibited. According to this, it appears that the original distinction between ' pie " and " tart " consisted not in their shape, but in their contents. The examples of " pie " go back to 1303, and for three centuries the " pie " is recorded only as containing flesh, fowl, or fish. This earlier historical usage is retained in the north of England and Ireland, in Scotland, and at least in part of the United States, in which a " pie " must contain meat or fish, while dishes consisting of fruit baked in a crust are known as " tarts." The earliest ex- tension of " pie " to baked fruit appears to be that of apple-pie, found in literature from 1590 ; probably it was in rustic or dialect use in the south from an earlier date. ^Examples of fruit " pies " in the seventeenth century are rare or uncertain ; but they are fully recognized in Kersey's edition of Phillips's 'New World of Words' in 1706: "' Pie, a well known Dish of Meat, or Fruit bak'd in Paste " ; which is the earliest dictionary recognition of a fruit pie, anc appears to be exactly the Southern English notion of a pie. The passage cited from O. W. Holmes is apparently founded or imperfect knowledge alike of ^ English and American usage ; neither " tart nor " pie " can be said to have a national or
universal meaning on either side of the
Atlantic. In this country we cannot claim
'or either word a " national " or an " edu-
ated " usage, but have to recognize that
different parts of the country have preserved
an earlier and a later tradition of the
distinction between them. I eat " apple-
pie " in Kent, and " apple-tart " when I
stay in Cumberland. M.
There were " pies " of all sorts in the earliest days of my remembrance tarts too, and pasties. The first were always made in deep dishes ; tarts in shallow ones, such as saucers. The pie was in general use, and men working away from home had quite a variety of pies to take with them for " snap " or for dinner. All had top and bottom crusts. There were potato pies, apple, plum, and pear pies, besides an " apple pie with pears in," which was a general favourite. A " medley " or " medium " pie a mixture of things such as apples, pears, onions, bits of bacon, and made hot to the taste was in great demand. Pumpkin pie was also made, and in favour ran gooseberry and currant pies pretty close.
Tarts were confections with one crust only, and were made of all kinds of fruits. Rhubarb pies and tarts were the first that came in, and were welcome things to country children.
I should say that both " pies " and " tarts " went from here to America with the Pilgrim Fathers : perhaps earlier than that.
Many country children had to take their dinner to school, and this was invariably a pasty and a bottle of milk. We were critics as regards each other's dinner, and would point the finger at each other and say :
Apple pie '11 make you cry ; Gooseberry pasty '11 make you hasty.
THOS. RATCLIFFE. Worksop.
T. L. PEACOCK : CONTRIBUTIONS TO PERIODICALS (10 S. viii. 2). Peacock's first contribution to a periodical appeared in 1800, when he gained a prize from the editor of The Juvenile Library for an essay in verse on the question " Is history or biography the more improving study ? "
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
Manchester.
DE LHTJYS OR NORDERLOOSE (10 S. viii. 89).
It is difficult to see how these two names
could ever have been confused. Norder-
