216
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vm. SEPT. u, 1907.
ST. DEVEREUX : ST. DUBBICIUS : ST.
BKICE (10 S. vii. 327, 418 ; viii. 17). There
are five churches dedicated to St. Dubricius
Whitchurch, Ballingham, St. Devereux,
Hentland, and Hoarwithy (the last a modern
chapel to Hentland), all in Archenfield, a
district of South Herefordshire.
The reason for this local cult of the saint is clear. His grandfather was King of Ergyng, a country roughly corresponding to the modern Archenfield ; and the great work of his early life, the education of 1,000 priests in the orthodox faith, was carried on at Hentland, a village within its borders. The name of a farm, Llanfrother, i.e., fratrum, still commemorates the site of his college, though 1,300 years have passed since the dispersal of the scholars.
The present name of the village of St. Devereux would seem to be a mere mispro- nunciation or corruption of St. Dubricius, the form regularly employed in documents till the last century. The strangeness of the word in Latin or Welsh quite accounts for the change to one more familiar. The entries in the bishops' registers from 1307 invariably give St. Dubricius, e.g., Trilleck's
" viii die Julii, 1349, Philippus de Davyston
admissus fuit ad ecclesiam saneti Dubricii, ad quam
per Rogerum de Acton dominum de Duddeley
extitit presentatus."
Didley is a principal manor of the parish.
In the same register is mentioned the " ecclesia sancti Bricii," without, however, any details by which it might be identified. Can it be a further mutilation of this un- fortunate name ? or is St. Brice 'as is sug- gested of St. Devereux, a distinct saint ? JOSEPH H. PARRY.
Harewood, Ross.
"BIRCH'S" (10 S. vii. 366). Under this head it may be of interest to record that Lloyd's News of 18 August contains an excellent print of this famous old confec- tioner's shop window, with the following note : " During the renovation of ' Birch's ' some long-forgotten carvings have been revealed."
In its rejuvenated state the quaint frontage certainly presents an attractive appearance. CECIL CLARKE.
Junior Athenaeum Club.
begins " In which is explained the sublime
mystery of keel-hauling." The story opens
in 1699, and Marry at says as to keelhauling r
" This ingenious process has fallen into
disuse."
The punishment appears to have been used on French ships, as I find the following in ' Nautical Terms in English and French, and French and English,' by Leon Delbos r Instructor H.M.S. Britannia, 3rd ed., 1896, p. 193, s.v. ' Cale ' : " le supplice de la cale humide. Keelhauling (punishment)." Cale is translated " hold, chock, wedge." There is another phrase in French " dormer la cale " ; but does not that mean only " to duck " ?
Marryat describes keelhauling in small fore-and-aft vessels and that in large and square-rigged vessels. Bailey's and Dyche's dictionaries, s.v. ' Keel Haling ' and ' Keel Raking,' describe the latter only. They (Bailey, vol. ii.) say that the rope was put or fastened under the man's arms, about the waist, and under his breech.
Grose in his ' Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue ' speaks of keelhauling as
a punishment in use among the Dutch seamen." The ship in ' Snarleyyow ' is commanded by a Dutchman, and some of the crew are Dutch.
Perhaps keelhauling was introduced into- the navy in the time of William III.
ROBERT PIERPOINT.
THE " GOLDEN ANGEL " IN ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD (10 S. vii. 470 : viii. 33). This sign, borrowed probably from the supporters of the arms of the Stationers' Company, was no doubt designated " Golden " to- distinguish it from two other " Angels " in the immediate neighbourhood one in Ivy Lane, and the other in Paternoster Row. All three were booksellers' signs. That in St. Paul's Churchyard was in the seventeenth century the sign of Moses Pitt (Bagford Title-Pages, B.Mus., 618, K., 17). Perrin was the name at " The Angel " from 1580 to- 1593, in which year Andrew Wise appears to- have married the widow Perrin, and the former's name occurs up to 1603 (Arber's
List of London Publishers,' 1894) See further ' The London Signs and their Associations,' in The Antiquary, March,
1905, p. 102. J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
" KEELHAUL " : " COBKEY " : " MORRY-
OUNE " (10 S. vii. 448; viii. 54). In
Marryat's ' Snarleyyow ; or, the Dog
I have a note of a book " Printed by
Valentine Simmes for Andrew Wise, and
are to be sold at his shop in Paules Church
Fiend,' vol. i. chap, x., is a description of yar d at the signe of the Angel, 1597."
keelhauling fuller than that given in the CHAS. HALL CROUCH.
' N.E.D.' The heading of the chapter 5, Grove Villas, Wanstead.
