ii s. x. DEC. 26, i9u.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
509
" FORWHY." What part of speech is
this hybrid ? and what does it mean ?
I ask for information, not for a railing
accusation of ignorance. I take it to be
an ugly equivalent of " because." I have
heard foreigners use it interrogatively.
Freeman, who in his letters takes curious
liberties with his mother-tongue, uses it
disjoin tedly and in combination. These
are some instances of both (' Life and
Letters,' vol. ii.) :
1. "There be some that do slanderously affirm that Takova is no order, for why, Prince Milan is but a vassal " (p. 148).
2. "Fcrwhy at such times one has to put on black trousers " (p. 155).
3. " Forwhy there are some casual allusions to them in Homer" (p. 165).
I confess that the expression is new to me, and I am not aware that the historian employs it in his more serious compositions. J. B. McGovERN.
St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.
" THE THREE CRANES " IN THE VINTRY. Mr. Timbs's ' Clubs and Club Life in London ' says that an old document, tempus Edward II., mentions a tavern " called 'The Pin Tavern,' situated in the Vintry, where the Bordeaux merchants craned their wines out of lighters and other vessels on the Thames."
Was " The Three Cranes " the successor of " The Pin," or were they separate and different establishments ?
REGINALD JACOBS.
Junior Constitutional Club, W.
THOMAS SKOTTOWE : CRAVEN COUNTY. (See ante, p. 389.) Thomas Skottowe, Secretary of State for South Carolina (not Governor) by the appointment of the Earl of Egremont, Secretary of State in the Earl of Bute's Ministry, 1762, owned large estates in Craven County and Berkeley County, South Carolina. Berkeley County is still on the map, but what is the modern equivalent of Craven County ? Also what and where is " Enorve River " (it looks like that), mentioned as the boundary of some of his land ?
B. C. S.
RIP VAN WINKLE AND EARLY ANALOGUES. Can any reader refer me to any mediaeval German, French, Spanish, or Italian arche- type of Washington Irving's Rip van Winkle story ? I presume that there is some thread of connexion between this legend and the story of Epimenides of Krete going to sleep in a Kretan cave for nearly sixty years. The somewhat similar idea
which appears in Sir Rider Haggard's
' Ayesha,' the sequel to ' She,' is, one may
suppose, based on Maundeville's Serpent
Lady of Rhodes and the True Knight, a
story of which, also, I should be ^lad to
hear of any definite early version.
CECIL OWEN.
The High School, Perth, W.A.
[The German original of ' Rip van Winkle ' was discussed at 8 S. xii. 68, 118, 334.]
THE SEX OF EUODIAS : EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS, iv. 2. Apparently Bishop J. B. Lightfoot, ' Supernatural Religion,' Contemporary Review, December, 1874, p. 17, has made a mistake, while blaming Baur, Schwegler, Volkmar, and Hitzig.
St. Paul's words are : "I beseech Euodias, and beseech Syntyche, that they be of the same mind in the Lord." The learned Professor changes Euodias into Euodia throughout, though the context implies that Euodias was Syntyche's husband, and then complains that Hitzig has changed " their sex " (that of Euodias and of Syntyche). The Bishop's words are :
" It would be difficult, I think, to find among English scholars any parallel to the mass of absurdities which several intelligent and very learned German critics have conspired to heap upon two simple names in the Philippian Epistle,
Euodia and Syntyche Hitzig maintaining
that these two names are reproductions of the patriarchs Asher and Gad, their sex having been changed in the transition from one language to another."
I should be glad of an authoritative pro- nouncement on the latest opinion as to Euodias (or Euodia). On the face of it, Hitzig and the A.V. are of the same mind on Euodias's gender (masculine), and the changer of " Rightway's " sex is not the author of ' Zur Kritik Paulinischer Briefe ' (Leipzig, 1870), but J. B. L. himself. I only found this diropia, the other day.
H. H. JOHNSON.
68, Abbey Road, Torquay.
A SHAKESPEARE MYSTERY. A month or more ago newspapers attracted readers by reporting the discovery of a tunnel in the Chiltern district, and suggesting that it had something to do with German forethought for the invasion of England. Tfie Morning Post of 3 November, however, comforted some of us by stating that two gentlemen who had been connected with the excavation were entangled in the Shakespeare-Bacon controversy, and that it was with the hope of unearthing manuscripts or emblems to support their theory that they bored. I remember reading something about the
