ii s. vii. JUNE 28, 1913.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
515
FILES : TOOLS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
(11 S. vii. 448). It may interest your
inquirer to know that a " Filehewer "
is recorded in 1410 among the City's
records ('Cal. Letter-Book I.,' p. 87), and
that " ffilyng " and " hacking " occur
among the ordinances of the Founders'
Guild in 1389 (Riley's ' Memorials of Lon-
don,' p. 513). I have also a note of having
met with a " file-hacker " (but, alas !
without date or reference) and an Arnulf
" Vilhackere " as being recorded in a cartu-
lary of the Mercers' Company (fo. 180 b).
A " Melmakere " (which Riley suggests may mean a maker of mallets or hammers) occurs in 1311 ; but I think that this inter- pretation is wrong, as I show in a note to my ' Calendar of Letter-Book D,' p. 74.
REGINALD R. SHABPE. Guildhall, E.G.
See ' Durham Account Rolls ' (Surtees Soc.), list of implements, &c.. p. 876. The Index directs to the places where the different things are mentioned. J. T. F.
Durham.
Some information on early tools will be found, I think, in Sir E. B. Tylor's * Anthro- pology ' (Macmillan), also in O. T. Mason's ' Origins of Inventions among Primitive Peoples ' (Walter Scott). WM. H. PEET.
MB. A. H. FRANKLIN will find some information, with references, to tools used by mediaeval builders in England in the valuable series of papers recently con- tributed to The Building News by Mr. C. F. Innocent, A.R.I.B.A., from 9 Aug., 1912, intermittently, to 6 June, 1913, especially in the issues of 4 Oct. and 15 Nov., 1912, for general tools, and that of 24 Jan., 1913, for thatchers' tools. A. W. A.
THE WRECK OF THE ROYAL GEORGE (11 S. vi. 110. 176. 374, 436, 496; vii. 36, 77, 113, 158, 195, 276, 297, 353). It may be of interest to note that I have a copy of the little book mentioned by MR. STEVENS at the third reference. Mine is undated, but is the ninth edition, and contains the author's address to the eighth edition, dated 1 Sept., 1847, signed " J. S.," Marl- borough Row, Portsea. It is also bound in the wood of the wreck.
CHAS. HALL CROUCH.
62, Nelson Road, Stroud Green, N.
Engraving of monuments at Portsea, erected to the memory of the 900 persons drowned, folio, 1872. ' J. ARDAGH,
PORTRAIT OP MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS
(11 S. vii. 428). I suggest that this is a
portrait of the " Sheffield type," of which
the portrait in the National Portrait
Gallery is another example. They were
founded on the painting made by P. Oudry
while Mary was in captivity at Sheffield
Castle, with varying details as to the pose
of the hands, ornaments, &c. See Mr.
Lionel Gust's ' Authentic Portraits of Mary,
Queen of Scots,' p. 70 et seq. As to its
being by Zucchero, I may quote from the
' Catalogue of the Stuart Exhibition,' 1889,
p. 19:
" Several portraits ascribed to F. Zucchero and said to represent Mary, Queen of Scots, are in existence. It was long the custom to ascribe to Zucchero pictures for which no better name could be found, while they show more or less of Italian characteristics than could possibly have been painted at or near the unquestionable date of his visit."
For the identification of another portrait of Mary, Queen of Scots, see the April and June numbers of The Connoisseur.
W. R. B. PRIDEAUX.
A portrait of this unhappy Queen, similar to that described by LADY DORCHESTER, appears in Charles Knight's ' Old England,' with the explanation that it is " from a painting by Zucchero."
T. H. BARROW.
' THE TOMAHAWK ' : MATT MORGAN (US. vii. 369, 413, 454). As we have been dis- cussing the history of this short-lived paper, I should like to jot down a few stray notes about Matt Morgan the artist. It seems strange that so talented a draughtsman- one who, apart from his proved abilities in many branches of Art, ranked in his day as one of the prominent caricaturists has been almost entirely forgotten. I do not know whether a biographical sketch (or, at least, one of any consequence) has been pub- lished either here or in America ; I have never met with one myself. The year or place of his -birth I do not know. I fancy he was a son of Morgan, a bygone architect, who, in partnership with Augustus Charles Pugin, designed, among other buildings, the Regent's Park Diorama (now a chapel) and the interior of the Cosmorama in Regent Street.
Anyway, Matt Morgan began life as assistant to Grieve & Telbin,at their painting- room in Little Wild Street, Drury Lane. Here in 1849-50 he was engaged, under the direction of John Absolon (a member of the firm), on the ' Route of the Overland
