12 a. iv. APRIL, 19.8.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
JACOB OK JAMES (12 S. iii. 147, 259, 284).
The Rev. Dr. R. Maxwell WqoLley, of whom
I inquired whether the name of the Apostle
James took the same form as that of the
Patriarch Jacob in the earliest Scriptures,
has kindly sent me this reply :
" The Hebrew of the Patriarch's name is ' Jacob,' 2py Yaekobh. This is transliterated in the old Greek version of the O.T. Ia/cwj3<5s = Latin ' Jacobus.' The N.T., which was written in Greek, uses the Greek form of the name for the Apostle, which represents the Hebrew ' Jacob.' The Syria c version gives the name in much the same form as the Hebrew, for Hebrew and Syriac are two dialects having a common ancestry. So the name of the Apostle is really exactly the same as that of the Patriarch."
From collation of correspondence on the subject in back numbers of ' N. & Q.' I gather that the Italian and the Spanish forms of the name are referable to the Greek rather than to the Latin ; that our name " James " is derived from the Latin, through the French, rather than from the Spanish ; and that the English " Jacob " is simply the Hebrew word retained.
From such foreign dictionaries as happen to lie to my hand, I have taken these notes : Baretti, Engl.-Ital., James = Giacomo (Jacob not given). Millhouse, Ital.-Engl., Giacobbe
Jacob ; Giacomo = James ; Jacopo
James. Lopes, Engl.-Span., Jacob = Jacob ; James = Jaime; Span.-Engl., Jacobo, Jaime = James. Davenport, Engl. James, Ital. Giacomo, French Jacques. Kelham, Norm, and O. French-Engl., Jaime, Ja\tme = James ; also Jake, Jak, laky = James.
The following are the earliest instances that I have come upon of the French- derived form in England : ' N.E.D.,' quota- tion from ' Ancren R.,' anno 1225, "... .sein lame " ; Testa de Nevill for co. Glouc., fol. 357, " Jame de Novo Mercato tenet in
Dorh'm " The Rev. W. F. Connor
kindly calls my attention to the passage in Chaucer's ' Shipman's Tale,' 355, " I thank you by god and by seint Jame."
The Church early introduced the Latin form. Thus, in the ' Leofric Missal ' (ed. by the Rev F. E. Warren, pp. 23-33), Kalendar said to have been written in England c. 970 A.D. enters the saints' days in May of " Apostolorum philippi el iacobi," and in July of " Sci Jacobi, Apos toli."
The Hebrew form, however, was certainly also used in this country before the Conquest In another tenth-century portion of the ' Leofric Missal ' (p. 202) I note " Scilicet. . . isaac electi tui, atque Jacob electi tui " (no Jacobi). See also ibid., pp. 199, 200, &c.
Domesday has in the Exeter redaction;
' Jacobescherca," and in the Winchester
' Jacobescherche," which the Rev. O. J,
Reichel, F.S.A. (' Viet. Hist. Devon,' i. 430),
dentifies with
' the township of St. James, or St. Jacob as it is sailed in the Hundred Rolls of Ed. I., otherwise- mown as Tre or Trew St. Jacob, lying on the Exe, n the parish of Heavitree . . . . on the site after- wards occupied by St. James's Priory."
In the famous " Codex Exon," presented
- o the Cathedral library by Bishop Leofria
c. 1050, are several manumissions written in- A.-S. which have been printed at the end of Thorpe's ' Dipl. Angl.,' wherein it may be- seen (p. 634) that " Wulword at lacobescirca" witnesses the freeing of a Topsham native,, and (p. 636) that one of Wulfworde's natives, purchases his own freedom " at lacobes
- yrca " before all the Hundred of Exeter,
' Alfsta on Wunforda " being a witness.
I notice, by the by, in the original Codex [fol. 10 d), "... .ioseph min iacobes bairn." ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.
GENERAL GRANT ON WELLINGTON (12 S. iv. 44). When General Grant was President of the United States of America about forty years ago, he visited Leamington Spa, and it was my good fortune to be brought i nto close contact with him ; and his modesty of deport- ment makes me think an enemy has had a hand in concocting the comparison mentioned in the query. T. KENNARB.
Leamington Spa.
BURT, MINIATURE PAINTER ( 12 S. iv. 47 ). A query of mine appeared at 11 S. x. 508, asking for information about "A. R. Burt, Miniature Portrait Painter." COL. SOUTHAM is in all probability asking about the same man. I asked for private information, and two kind correspondents gave me some facts about the artist, but I should like to know more abyut him. Redgrave's ' Dictionary of Artists ' and the ' D.N.B.' have articles on him. I subjoin a few facts which I have gathered about him.
Albin Roberts Burt was born in 1784, apparently in London. He commenced life- as an engraver, and was a pupil of Robert Thew and of Benjamin Smith (pupil of Bartolozzi) ; but, finding himself not able to excel as an engraver, he took to painting heads, and made a considerable fortune as a miniature painter. He exhibited at the- Royal Academy in 1830. He is described by one correspondent as an " itinerant face- painter." He evidently lived in many places London, Oxford, Bath, Chester ; and one correspondent calls him " a Reading
