Page:Notes and Queries - Series 12 - Volume 8.djvu/581

12 s. VIIL JUNE ii, i92i.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 479 be seen in the grounds of the College mark the site of an old manor-house. Burke's ' Extinct Peerage ' sets out the Stafford and Howard titles very clearly. E. E. COPE. LUDGATE, LONDON (11 S. iv. 485 ; v. 35 ; 12 S. viii. 458). This place-name has been so popularized that it will persist for all time. The derivation suggested by the unfamiliar work quoted by MB. F. A. EDWARDS at the last reference is built on the insecure inference that this was the earliest western gate of the City. All available evidence and probability sustain the claims of Newgate. Even for pre- Roman days no writer has preferred Fleet Street as a highway. So Holborn and its approach via the Greyfriars and Snow Hill is unchallenged, and the suggestion that Lud- gate was the " Porta Populi " is not sup- ported by fact or reasonable inference. Recent excavations have led to some in- teresting discoveries, but not any of such remote origin. An exceptionally deep and large excavation at the north-east corner of Ludgate Circus brought to light the usual refu3e of kitchen middens, &c., and footings of walls pre -dating the great improvement in 1868 which Noble ('Memorials of Temple Bar,' p. 119) deplores was so long completing. ALECK ABRAHAMS. JJotetf on Maps, Their History, Characteristics and Uses. By Sir Herbert George Fordham. (Cambridge University Press, 7s. 6dL net.) PRIMARILY designed for teachers, this little work contains a good deal that will probably come as something fresh to many readers. This is especially true of the history of cartography. Ptolemy, Ortelius and Mercator are familiar names to us all, but the school of French carto- graphers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and their English contemporaries remain, we suspeot, hardly as much as empty names in the minds of many well-informed persons. Here a brief acquaintance with them may be made, just sufficiently detailed and pointed to whet the appetite for more. In dealing with the most primitive type of map or with the portolan charts, a word might have been said of the extraordinary coastal charts made by the Eskimo, performances which might excuse one for believing in the existence of a geographical sense. Mercator drew a large map of the British Isles about 1564, which is at Breslau and has never been engraved. The earliest engraved map of England and Wales is that published in 1569 by Humphrey Lhuyd of Denbighshire. The next decade saw accomplished what was, for those days, a great piece of work a survey of England set out in a series of provincial maps by Christopher Saxton. This collection which our author estimates would now be worth 100 was to be had in 1736 for 15s. To England is due the invention of road- maps, which were a development from road- books and spread to the Continent. The inset plan of a town seems to have been a French device adopted as early as the end of the sixteenth century. On maps from the artistic point of view Sir, Herbert Fordham gives us several good pages, though, as he says, the subject is so much a visual one that a study of examples is the only possible method of getting a good grasp of it. We are inclined to support his regret that no public institution has as yet put together an illustrative sequence to exhibit the rise and progress of map-making. The eight illustrations of old maps given here are well chosen, and a careful examination of them would certainly add something substantial to the information of a beginner. Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum. Vol. II. By Stanley Casson. WE are told in the Preface that this volume had been completed and sent to the press on July 27, 1914. The events of that fateful week made its publication impossible until now. All students of Greek archaeology are certain to give it a warm welcome, which is indeed well deserved. It deals first with the sculpture and archi- tectural fragments housed in the Acropolis Museum, and then with the Terra-cottas to be found there, this latter section being from the pen of Mrs. J. R. Brooke. Each section is preceded by a very careful and scholarly intro- duction. Mr. Casson's account of the sculptures from the balustrade of the Temple of Athene Nike and from the frieze of the Erechtheium are of especial importance and interest. As to the subject of the latter he agrees with the suggestion of Robert and Pallat, that the frieze represented a cycle of myths, so various that unity of subject can hardly be claimed for it. The most ancient of the sculptures is the colossal archaic owl, of which a pleasing photo- graph is provided, and among the architectural fragments are three or four Gorgon's heads which are to be assigned to the sixth century. From these, examples range up to the second or third century A.D. The principal treasures among them are already well known to archaeologists. Each is here fully described, with good technical notes which should prove of great use to the student beginning to form his own judgment as to what is good and what inferior work. Reference is made to the number of the cast (if there is one) in the British Museum, and also to mention in standard works and learned periodicals. The illustrations claim to be judged merely as " sufficient for the identification of objects " and not as " descriptive plates." For their purpose, with one or two reservations, they may be ac- counted satisfactory. We should, however, have been content to forgo some of those of the Par- thenon sculptures, which English students can easily acquaint themselves with, in favour of a