364
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[9 th S. I. MAY 7, '98.
contains portraits both of Sarah Flowei
Adams and her lovely sister Eliza Flower.
There was a little pamphlet collection of th hymns of Sarah Adams, with an interesting sketch of her life by Mrs. E. Bridell-Fox, pub- lished in 1893 at the office of the Christian Life. Only a hundred copies were printed The sixteen hymns, which are marked by beauty of expression and devotional fervour include paraphrases from Fenelon, Schiller and Luis de Leon. Her little catechism 'The Flock at the Fountain,' has also been reprinted in pamphlet form.
Dr. Conway mentions that when Theodore Parker was aying he desired that " Nearer my God, to Thee," should be sung in any memorial service by his friends in Boston (p. 113). Dr. Conway remarks, "The history and adventures of this hymn would make an interesting monograph." May I suggest thai no one could execute this task so well as Dr. Conway ? WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
Moss Side, Manchester.
SAN LANFEANCO. Being lately in Payia, and taking sweet counsel with my guide, philosopher, and friend, Murray, I was informed as follows :
"2 m. from the town is the Lombard Church of the Beato Lanfranco. It offers a beautifully varied outline. Behind its high altar is the monument of the Beato, a good work by Amadeo, consisting of a sarcophagus resting on pillars of coloured marble with reliefs of great beauty, probably the history of the saint. Lanfranc was the great restorer and reformer of the Church of England, and the confi- dential adviser of William the Conqueror, by whom he was promoted to the See of Canterbury (1071), which he governed for seventeen years. He was born at Pavia, of a family who possessed by inherit- ance the right of administering the civil laws, perhaps derived from their senatorial dignity in the Roman period." ' Handbook for Travellers in Northern Italy,' p. 189.
An enthusiastic fellow-pilgrim and I natu- rally sought out the church and viewed the arena with great interest; but it was some- what disappointing to gather from a priest who kindly showed the monument that it does not commemorate Lanfranc of Canter- bury at all, unless he be honoured in the name borne by a sometime Bishop of Pavia in re- membrance of whom Amadeo's chisel wrought. I shall be glad of more information on this score. I see that Dean Hook wrote :
" Lanfranc was born about the year 1005 at Pavia, in Lombardy. Here his name is still held in honour, a church in the vicinity of the town being dedicated to San Lanfranco." 1 Archbishops of Canterbury,' vol. i. p. 74.
The statement I have italicized is, I believe, correct. Beato Lanfranco seemed novel to our hotel-keeper when we spoke of our wish
to find the church mentioned by Murray.
But was Archbishop Lanfranc ever canonized?
ST. SWITHIN.
MONKS AND FEIABS. The phrase "Pas- sionist monks" at the close of ME. ST. CLAIE BADDELEY'S interesting note on a 'Roman House' (ante, p. 225) reminds me of a con- stantly recurrent confusion in literature of monks with friars, and of both with religieux of simple congregations. The fre- quency of the blunder is no excuse for its continued existence. It is high time it ceased amongst us. Yet scholars, in persistently ignoring the technical distinction between the various^ Orders, are guiltily responsible for the continuance of the error. One hardly looks for nicety in this or any other historical matter from the prof anus vulgus, but one has a right to expect accuracy in such travelled writers as ME. ST. CLAIE BADDELEY. But to come to the point. The members of the Con- gregation of the Passion (founded by St. Paul of the Cross) are neither monks nor friars, but simply religious; nor are Jesuits, nor Redemptorists, nor Fathers of Charity. None of these latter constitutes a strictly so-called Order, but only a Society (as the Jesuits) or Congregation. The difference consists in solemn or simple vows, the former being revocable only by the Pope, the latter being so by the General. Again, as to friars and monks. The Mendicant Orders are friars (in all their branches), i. e., Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelites, &c. ; Benedictines, Cistercians, Carthusians, Camaldolese, Trap- pists, &c., are monks. Scott frequently misnames friars and monks; e.g., in 'Pevem of the Peak,' where he speaks of "Do- minican monks." Monks are less gregarious than friars, as their very name monacus indicates. Of course, in the sense that friar means frater, monks are friars also, and so ! are all religieux ; but technically no monk i is a friar, nor, conversely, is a friar a monk. I can hardly hope to see this misconception of | the very rudiments of the matter die the | death it merits, but at all events let it be noted once for all in * N. & Q.' J. B. S. Manchester.
HENEY STAFFOED, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.
In the late Eev. W. Denton's interesting
work 'England in the Fifteenth Century,'
vhich was published in 1888, shortly after
- he author's death, there is a noteworthy
nadvertence respecting the Duke of Buck- ngham who rebelled against Richard III. At p. 184 we read :
" The crown of England would probably have raced the brow of Henry Stafford, instead of resting
!
