9 th S. I. MAY 14, '98.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
389
)f his travels, most Interesting on account of
- he manners and customs of the various
European countries of his day, most of which le visited. I have long searched for this jook in vain, and now appeal to the omnisci- snce of '1ST. & Q.' to aid. .me. Perhaps, if this }uer.y -catches the eye of the. contributors Q f L'Interme'diaire, one of them may be ahle..-to inform me. where I can consult .# copy of M. de Montmore's book. It appears to be absent from the libraries of the British Museum and Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris. HAMON LAFFOLEY, B.A.
STYLE OF ARCHBISHOPS. Until the year 1562 or thereabouts, English archbishops and bishops alike appear to have styled themselves indiscriminately " Dei gratia, " Divina per- rnissione," "Divina miseratione." Is there any distinction between the expressions'? Archbishop Parker styles himself in 1562 "by divine permission," but in 1567 "by divine providence" (Wilkins's 'Concilia,' iv. 230, 252); and from that date onwards the latter expression, till then but seldom used, seems to have been appropriated by the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, "by divine permission " being left for the use of bishops (Wilkins, iv. 285, 325, 328, &c.). Was there any meaning in this arrangement 1
S. F. HUTTON.
TURNER. Can any one give me the name of the wife of Thomas Turner, of Ileden, Kent 1? He died in 1715. HARFLETE.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.
She should never have looked at me If she meant that I should not love her.
T. SIDNEY GOUDGE.
[Your other queries have been answered in ' Notices to Correspondents.']
I've watched the actions of his daily life
With all the eager malice of a foe;
And nothing meets mine eyes
But deeds of honour. J. C. BURLEIGH.
The meanest of his creatures boasts two soul sides,
One to face the world with,
One to show a woman when he loves her.
" Why rush the discords in, but that the harmony should be prized?" E. R.
Handsome is that handsome does.
[See 4 th S. xi. 197.]
"Oh, the little more, and how much it is, and the little less, and what worlds away."
J. J. SODEN.
Ask nothing more of me, sweet; All I can give you, I give. Heart of my heart, were it more, More would be laid at your feet.
EVADNE.
[For other quotations see 'Notices to Corre- spondents.']
THE USE OF MORTAR AND PESTLE IN
FARMHOUSES. ... . . (9 th S. i. 248.)
THERE does not seem any reason for assuming that in former days mortars were more common in farmhouses than in other houses. Why should they have been 1 Nearly everything which is required for culinary and medicinal purposes is now to be procured in a powdered state; it was not so in days gone by. So in every household except the very poorest we may assume that a mortar was regarded as a necessary article of furniture. I have read many inventories of household goods, some of early date, and hardly remember one in which the pestle and mortar does not appear. Many old English mortars exist at the present day, but these are very few in comparison with what has been. They were usually made of bronze, and when they became cracked were sold as old metal. The finer specimens must have been of no little value, for they are frequently the subject of bequest by will. For example, in 1444, Margery Legat, of Wotton-under- Edge, leaves "to the Lord of Berkeley a mortar of brass with an iron pestle " ( Jeayes's
'Catalogue of the Charters at Berkeley
Castle,' p. 256). Mortars were sometimes made of wood; these would be used by the poor, as any one who could wield a chisel could easily fashion them. In 1826 a cucking stool and a wooden mortar were preserved in the Court Hall of Sandwich as instruments of punishment (" Gent. Mag. Library," ' Topo- graphy,' vi. 205). There were also stone mortars. Some of those preserved may be of the Roman time or earlier; but stone is. very subject to fracture, so when found they are commonly in fragments. There is a stone mortar engraved in Waugh's ' Guide to Mon- mouth,' ornamented with four coats of arms. The precious metals were sometimes used. In 1 Machabees i. 23 (Douay version) we read of little mortars of gold, but it is by no means certain what the word the mortariola of the Vulgate is intended to denote. A silver mortar is mentioned in the ' Accounts of Lord William Howard' (Surtees Soc., 266). A lady now dead told me that she had seen a very small silver mortar in the possession of a friend of hers. These small silver mortars were probably used for pounding scents. Many of the old bronze mortars were made by bell-casters, and some of them are richly ornamented. The most beautiful English mortar known to me is preserved in the York
