9*s.x.D EC .27,i902.) NOTES AND QUERIES.
505
(Land. Journ, 24 June, 1721). In 1756 Rad-
ford, deceased, had been succeeded by a Mr.
Eglinton ( Whitehall Even. Post, 13 January,
1756). There is a token, apparently, of this
John Radford in the Beaufoy Collection,
No. 1091. A "Pair of Spectacles" was also
the sign of John Haward in St. Katrans
(ibid., No. 268). Messrs. Carpenter & West-
ley, the opticians in Waterloo Place, who were
established in 1828, exhibit a modern instance
of the survival of this sign. The Sir Isaac
Newton" occurs in at least two instances
as a publisher's sign : one at the corner of
Suffolk Street, Charing Cross (Craftsman,
20 September, 1729), and the other in Corn-
hill in 1732.
The " Archimedes and Globe, next to the Dog Tavern in Ludgate Street, a Pair of large Globes being on the Post before the Door," was the sign of T. Brandreth and G. Wildey in 1709, where were sold " Maps of the Stars laid down from the Observations of Mr. Halley, Professor of Geometry at
Oxon, and Mr. Heuelius of Dantzick
19 Constellations more than any other hitherto published. Done by J. Senex, and C. Price" (Tatler, 4 March, 1709). In 1742 this same Mr. Senex apparently dwelt at the "Globe," as it seems to have been known then, "over against St. Dunstan's Church," where he received subscriptions towards the lectures of Desaguliers, the French philosopher, which were entitled 'A Course of Experimental Philosophy.' Senex in return dispensed catalogues of the experiments (Daily Adver- tiser, 30 April, 1742). Here he sold "A New Map or Chart of the Gulphs of Finland and Livonia, &c., &c., with an account of the first sea-fight ever fought by the Russians, in 1714, commanded by the Czar in person, taken from an original draught lately sent from St. Petersburg " (ibid., 1 November, 1742). On 26 June, 1742, he advertises that subscribers by sending their receipts to Mrs. Senex could obtain 'Astronomy in Five Books,' then just published, a valuable treatise by the eminent mathematician and astro- nomer Roger Long (Daily Adver.). A Mr. Scarlet is frequently advertised as Optician to His Majesty at the "Archimedes and Globe," near St. Anne's Church in Dean Street, Soho (Daily Adver., 30 April, 1742). A mathematical instrument maker, Thomas Heath, who, however, does not give his sign, describes himself in 1742 as "reiaov'd nearer Exeter-Exchange in the Strand," and adver- tises "An Azimuth Compass, of a new Con- trivance for finding the Variation of the Magnetic Needle at Sea, with great Ease and Certainty and without any Astronomical
Calculation. To be had also at Smith and
Alston's Office for insuring Ships and Mer-
chandize in Exchange Alley, Cornhill" (Daily
Adver., 14 January, 1742). The booksellers
appear to have adopted one of their favourite
signs, the "Globe," riot from the arms of the
Spectacle-Makers, for it existed as such before
the selection by the company of those arms
in 1739, but because of artificial representa-
tions of the celestial and terrestrial spheres
having served the purposes of a book in the
teaching of astronomy and geography. When,
however, in the case of a bookseller it occurs
as the "Globe and Compasses," one must
again join issue with Mr. Hotten when he
derives that combination from the "Joiners'
Arms," for it would then have been "The
Globe and Two Pair of Compasses," apart
from the fact that the " Joiners' Arms "
nowhere appear except as a tavern sign, and
certainly could have nothing to do with a
bookseller, whereas both globe and com-
passes occur in the arms of the Spectacle-
Makers, and, so far as one know,s, in the
arms of no other company. The "Globe"
as a tavern sign was, no doubt, adopted to
intimate to the public the cosmopolitan
character of a tavern thus distinguished.
J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.
SOUKLE, ALIAS SOUBLE : TROCE. In Skm-
ner's dictionary and in Speght's Chaucer we find the entry " Soukle, wretched, poor. Skinner derives it from A.-S. soc, a soke or jurisdiction, because all who are underlings are wretched. t
The passage referred to is 1. 58 of Ine Plowman's Tale,' which refers to men of the poorer classes. Speght prints iUhus : " Some been soukle, simple, and small.
However, when we look at the oldest edition we find that the k in soukle was there printed as b, so that the word there appears as souble. It appears as souble moreover, both in the third and fourth folio editions, as well as in the second.
Unfortunately, souble is likewise a word without sense, and is an obvious error for souple, mod. E. supple, which in the four- teenth century had the sense of humble or " vieldine." Compare the account of Nero ?n ' The Monkes Tale,' ' Cant. Tales,' B 3690
Troce.-ln Speght's Chaucer we find in the glossary the entry " Trace, , wreath or wyth He was probably thinking of the word "truss." And Skinner has the same.
The reference is to a passage in the Wite of Bath's Prologue' (D 484), viz "I .made him of the same wode a croce," i.e., I made him
