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406 On the Birth-Year of Demosthefies. out upon military duty into the country : eireL^av oe aTroXvOij Tovrwv^ (ppovTLoe^ avTiKpv^ vTreovaav kol ciaXoyLO'fxoij riua T£9 Tov ^rjv ocov €V(JT7]a€TaL' Kal T0L9 hcTTepov ^aXeTToI? €(pdvr) Ta irpcoTa Traimd^ Kal vrjiricou W9 aXfjOco^ (poprjrpa' (jTpaTeiai ycip Kal Tpavfiara Kal (jvve'^eis, dycove^. As to the inscrip- tions Platner observes that the addition of the deme is not conclusive^ since it might have been annexed by way of distinc-- tion before the names were inscribed in the register. Perhaps it may also be worth remarking that Attic inscriptions of the Roman period can hardly be considered as good authority on this question. For it seems by no means improbable that after Attica lost its independence, the institvition of the Trepi- TToXoi became obsolete. The gymnastic exercises may then have been prolonged so as to fill up the period once occu- pied with military service: but it does not follow that the ephebi were, throughout the whole of it, subject to the kind of discipline described in the Axiochus. The mistake of the o-rammarians who held that the lexi- archie registration took place in the twentieth year, admits of a very natural explanation. It is probable that they con- founded the Xrj^Lap^cKci ypa/ui/uaTela with the ircvaKes e/c/cX^y- cnacTTiKoi^ which contained the names of the citizens who were of age to take a part in the proceedings of the popular assembly. That this right commenced only with the expi- ration of the two years of home service, and not with the preceding registration, is in itself highly probable, and is almost demonstrated by a passage of Philostratus quoted by Boeckh (Vit. Soph. ii. 1. 5. of Herodes Atticus) : /xere^oj- ^rjae oe Kai tov£ AOrjvaiov^ e(pr]j3ov^ ek to vvv G'^rnxa^ ^Xa/ii/- ca^ TrpcoToi/ afxcpiecra^ XevKcl^' Tew^ yap or] jueXaipa^ eurj/m^evoi Ta^ eKKXrjcTLa^ TrepieKaOfjPTo Kal tcl^ 7rofiira<$ eiretxTTOv. Such seems to have been the shadow that then survived of the old institution : but we may collect from it, that the irepLTvoXoi had no vote in the popular assemblies. It appears then that there is no necessity for imputing to iEschines, Lycurgus, and Hyperides", a laxity of expres- ■^ Harpocrat. ('ETrtoteTe? tJ/STjo-ai) 'YireptSi]^ kv tco 7r/)09 Xdpi-jTa eTnrpoinKw' eTret^rj 6e €ucypd(f>t]v eyco, Kal o vopo^ aTroSedaiKe tt]V KOfXL0rv T602/ KaTaeL(j)dcvTWV tt? /uLiiTpL : a passage which seems clearly to refute the doctrine which the Lexicographer means to prove by it.