two upper incisors, all belonging to one individual, a right upper maxillary with the permanent dentition just coming into play and replacing the deciduous series, three lower premolars, a pair of shoulder-blades, and some vertebræ. The remains imply the presence of at least three individuals, in none of which is the adult true molar dentition completed. All are young adults.
The remains of the Rhinoceros leptorhinus of Owen consist of thirteen teeth and fragments of teeth which correspond with the specific definition published in the Journal of this Society, 1867 (vol. xxiii. p. 215).
The following measurements, taken in inches at the base of the crown, are uniform with those already published in this Journal, and indicate a slight difference in the proportion of the two upper molars as compared with those from Lexden, Clacton, Grays Thurrock, and Durdham Down (l. c. p. 224):—
| 1. | Antero-posterior taken along the outside of crown |
1⋅9 | 1⋅95 |
| 2. | Antero-transverse across the front lobe of tooth |
2⋅32 | 2⋅4 |
| 3. | Postero-transverse across hind lobe of tooth |
1⋅9 | 2⋅15 |
Some of the Rhinoceroses were half-grown calves with the milk-dentition in various stages of wear.
Classificatory Value of Hippopotamus and Leptorhine Rhinoceros.
These two animals are so frequently companions in the caves and river-deposits in Britain, that there is reason for believing that they mark a stage in the zoology of the Pleistocene period. Both are southern species, the Hippopotamus being now confined to Africa, while the leptorhine Rhinoceros is to be viewed also as an extinct species of southern habit. They are associated together in no less than sixteen caverns and river-deposits which I have examined in this country, and are very generally accompanied also by the Elephas antiquus. The Hippopotamus is a survival from the fauna of the Pliocene, and is met with in the Preglacial forest-bed of Norfolk, in the Mid-Pleistocene deposits of the Thames valley, the Post-glacial strata of Bedford, and the caves of Cefn and Pont Newydd, near St. Asaph. The leptorhine Rhinoceros occurs in the fluviatile strata under the Hessle clay near Burghin Lincolnshire[1], in the brick-earths of the Thames valley, and in the above-mentioned Postglacial caverns. As a rule, these animals are not met with in association with the Mammoth and the Pleistocene stages. They are, however, associated with the Reindeer in the caves of Kirkdale and Victoria in Yorkshire, of Cefn and Pont Newydd in the valley of the Elwy, and in the river-strata of Bedford, Brentford, London, and Peckham. It is therefore evident that they inhabited Britain while the arctic Mammalia were
- ↑ I have to thank Mr. Jukes-Browne for this locality.
