‘make a fine fertilizing lime and can be quarried here to advantage. The dip is exceedingly gentle in all these quarries, which accounts for the breadth of outcrop on the hill, and the fact that only the upper beds, most naturally exposed, have been developed.
The Lower Helderberg rocks spread southwards on this flat dip nearly to the red bridge crossing Penns creek north of Selinsgrove. Westward as the Shade mountain axis increases in strength the outcrop of these rocks become more contracted, making a distinct ridge and a prominent feature in the topography of the township all the way to the Middle creek line, passing a little north of Salem. On the private road leading south from the group of quarries last described there are two additional small openings:
1. Apps’ quarry, opened in the middle of the limestone formation, and, 2. Millhoff’s quarry, opened higher on the ridge in the top of No. VI and exposing about 30′ of rock on a 5° north dip.
Miller’s quarry is a small opening lying just inside of Middle Creek township line, not active and having no kiln, It shows about 25′ of good stone, evidently quarried for building, on a 30° north dip. Two more quarries, said to be upon Mr. Miller’s property, show a short distance further east; one opposite the road leading south to the railroad, an old opening of good size; and the other a new and smaller opening, opened slightly in the steep hillside, where it will be very difficult and expensive to quarry, but where some good soft blue limestone has been removed and burnt in open ricks. The dip at both quarries amounts to about 20° and the southern limit of the limestone here will extend but little, if any, south of the Selinsgrove road,
The entire north flank of this ridge carries the remains of the Oriskany sandstone formation No. VII, mainly shale and chert, crossing Penns creek just above Shoch’s mill, but nowhere well exposed in place. To the north towards Jackson township, the No. VIII rocks occupy a series of ridge and valley land about 2 miles wide on dips varying from 10° along the limestone ridge to 60° at the junction of the Catskill No. IX. A section of these rocks
