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v Is the ſame with the laſt part of n, but the ſhade at the top muſt incline inwards.

w Is the ſame with n, only the ſhade inclines toward the left, as in b and v.

x Is formed of two c's joined together, the firſt inverted.

The firſt part of y is the laſt part of the etter m or n prefixed to a j:

z Should have a body ſtroke at the beginning, middle, and laſt part of the letter, and the ſame length below the line, as g j ſ y. & Is uſed as a contraction for and in writing.

OBSERVATIONS.

b h k and l, are made four lengths of the ſmall letters, when looped.

The letters p t riſe one length above the line in text and half text, and in proportion in ſmall write.

In croſſing t, the hand ſhould be raiſed off the paper, and the hair ſtroke be equal on both ſides, and very fine.

The letters f p q and y are the ſame length below the line, when left off abruptly, as b d h k and l are above the line.

The loops at the tops of f and long ſ, ought