4. Present Imperative.
The first persons having been given above as subjunctives, the second are added here:
| 2 | विश viçá |
विशतम् viçátam |
विशत viçáta |
विशस्व viçásva |
विशेथाम् viçéthām |
विशध्वम् viçádhvam |
| etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. |
c. The ending tāt is found in RV. and AV. in mṛḍatāt, vṛhatāt, suvatāt; other examples are not infrequent in the Brāhmaṇa language: thus, khidatāt, chyatāt, pṛcchatāt, viçatāt, sṛjatāt; and later, spṛçatāt. The 3d sing. act nudātu and muñcātu occur in Sūtras (cf. 740).
5. Present Participle.
The active participle is विशन्त् viçánt; the middle is विशमान viçámāna.
d. The feminine of the active participle is usually made from the strong stem-form: thus, viçántī; but sometimes from the weak: thus, siñcántī and siñcatī́ (RV. and AV.), tudántī and tudatī́ (AV.): see above, 449 d, e.
e. Middle participles in āna instead of māna are dhuvāná, dhṛṣāṇá, liçāna, çyāna, in the older language; kṛçāna, muñcāna, spṛçāna in the later (cf. 741 a).
6. Imperfect.
| 1 | अविशम् áviçam |
अविशाव áviçāva |
अविशाम áviçāma |
अविशे áviçe |
अविशावहि áviçāvahi |
अविशामहि áviçāmahi |
| etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. |
f. Examples of augmentless forms accented are sṛjás, sṛját, tiránta.
g. The a-aorist (846 ff.) is in general the equivalent, as regards its forms, of an imperfect of this class.
753. Stems of the á-class are made from nearly a hundred and fifty roots: for about a third of these, in both the earlier and the later language; for a half, in the earlier only; for the remainder, nearly twenty, only in the later language. Among them are a number of transfers from the classes of the non-a-conjugation.
a. In some of these transfers, as pṛṇ and mṛṇ (731), there takes place almost a setting-up of independent roots.
b. The stems icchá, ucchá, and ṛcchá are reckoned as belonging respectively to the roots iṣ desire, vas shine, and ṛ go.
c. The roots written by the Hindu grammarians with final o — namely, cho, do, ço, and so — and forming the present-stems chyá,
