| s. | d. | p. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | वेविद्याम् vevidyā́m |
वेविद्याव vevidyā́va |
वेविद्याम vevidyā́ma |
| etc. | etc. | etc. |
a. The optative is represented by only an example or two in the older language: thus, active, veviṣyāt (AV.), jāgṛyās (KB.), jāgriyāt (AB.), jāgṝyāma (VS. MS.; but jāgriyāma TS.); RV. has only cākanyāt (pft.?); middle, nenijīta (K.).
4. Present Imperative.
1010. The regular forms of the imperative, including the usual subjunctive first persons, would be as follows:
| s. | d. | p. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | वेविदानि vévidāni |
वेविदाव vévidāva |
वेविदाम vévidāma |
| 2 | वेविद्धि veviddhí |
वेवित्तम् vevittám |
वेवित्त vevittá |
| 3 | वेवेत्तु, वेविदीतु vévettu, vévidītu |
वेवित्ताम् vevittā́m |
वेविदतु vévidatu |
1011. a. Older imperative forms are less rare than optative. The first persons have been given above (jānghánāni, the only accented example, does not correspond with the model, but is in conformity with the subjunctive of the reduplicating present); the proper imperatives are: 2d sing., dādṛhí, dardṛhi, carkṛdhi, jāgṛhi, nenigdhi, rāranddhí; the ending tāt is found in carkṛtāt and jāgṛtāt; and the latter (as was pointed out above, 571 b) is used in AV. as first person sing.; barbṛhi shows an elsewhere unparalleled loss of h before the ending hi; 3d sing., dādhartu, veveṣṭu, dardartu, marmarttu; 2d du., jāgṛtam; 3d du., jāgṛtām; 2d pl., jāgṛtá; can̄kramata (RV., once) has an anomalous union-vowel. In the middle voice is found only nenikṣva (ÇB.).
b. Of imperative forms with auxiliary ī, RV. has none; AV. has vāvadītu and johavītu, and such are sometimes found in the Brāhmaṇas; AV. has also, against rule, taṅstanīhi and jan̄ghanīhi; VS. has cākaçīhi.
5. Present Participle.
1012. The intensive participles, both active and middle, are comparatively common in the older language. They are formed and inflected like those of the reduplicating present, and have the accent on the reduplicating syllable.
