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which sowed the seeds of revolutionary Marxism in the soil of Japan. It was also the followers or remnants of the League who have been to-day the leaders of Communist movement in our country The period of 7 years from 1903 to 1910 was in fact the history of the League.
At the begining of Russo-Japanese War (1904), the League sent comrade Katayama as a delegate to the Congress of the „Second International“ held then at Amsterdam and, on the other hand, made the most energetic agitation against the War, in which many members were sent to prison and their paper suppressed.
In 1905 the League itself was forced to dissolve.
The years following the Russo-Japanese War are marked by a series of important social events,—on the economic side, the great expansion of commercial markets, the astonishing growth of industrial (particularly Iron and Steel) Capitalism, the enormous advance of prices; on the political side, the „national“ upheaval against the „compromised“ peace terms with Russia, to which the government answered with Martial Law, and the first appearance of the „genuine” bourgeois cabinet;abroad, the first Russian (proletarian) Revolution, and, at home, desperate struggles of Socialists, and incessant persecutions upon them.
It is of importance to notice the fact that there already appeared three main currents of thought in the Socialist movement: that is, Marxism ed by Sakai, which always predominated over the rest; Anarchism (Kropotkin) led by Kotoku, one of the greatest thinkers Japan has ever produced; thirdly, Christian Socialism. In the practical movement, however, those sections always united against their common enemy which had prepared to sweep away by every forcible means all obstacles from the paths of bourgeois exploitation.
In 1907 they published the first Socialist Daily, called „The Pleb's Paper“, although soon prohibited.
In the next year, „Red Flag Demonstration“ took place, in which more than 50 active Socialists were arrested.
At last in 1909 occurred one of the most tragical events in the Socialist history of the world. Twenty four comrades were arrested under a false charge of „Anarchist Conspiracy“; and half of them (including Kotoku and Oishi) were hanged and another imprisoned for life.
The earlier history of our Socialist movement ended in such a tragical catastrophe. Surviving Socialists (mainly Marxists) have been kept under the extremest watch of police, chased by the hatred, calumny
