low. We urge the Government of Kazakhstan to consider strengthening these provisions. The Ministry of Justice has developed a plan directed at improving Kazakhstan's IPR regime that includes amending the Copyright Law to protect pre-existing works and sound recordings. The announced plan also aims to increase coordination among law enforcement agencies, public organizations and international organizations in order to fight piracy. The United States supports these efforts and will monitor the implementation and effectiveness of these proposed measures.
LATVIA
Latvia gave high-level attention to IPR enforcement in 2003, but needs to provide more follow-through to IPR enforcement in order to improve the results of anti-piracy actions. Latvia continues to be a significant consumer of and transshipment point for pirated goods, especially from Russia. Piracy levels for motion pictures, records and music and entertainment software, in particular, remain high. Internet piracy is growing, particularly in the areas of music hosting, entertainment software and pirated video games. Although some progress has been made in the area of end-user business software piracy, unlicensed use of business software by government ministries remains a serious concern. The United States urges the Government of Latvia to implement its IPR action plan to both amend current laws and enact new laws that will provide stronger IPR protection and enforcement measures, such as civil ex parte searches. The United States also encourages Latvia to step up the number of police raids and customs ex officio seizures of pirate and counterfeit products, as well as prosecutions, to demonstrate its commitment to improving IPR protection and enforcement.
LITHUANIA
Lithuania continues to make progress toward improving its legislative framework for protecting IPR and in combating software piracy. However, optical media piracy levels remain high and Lithuania is a key transshipment point in the Baltic region for pirated music CDs and audiocassettes, CD-ROMS, DVDs and video games. The United States urges Lithuania to implement optical media rules that effectively regulate the production, distribution, and export of optical media, and to provide for penalties for the illegal reproduction and distribution of sound recordings. In addition, Lithuania needs to implement its regulation on government use of legitimate software. Although the number of customs and police seizures of pirated and counterfeit products increased during the last year, enforcement efforts have not made significant headway in stemming these illegal activities. In particular, Lithuania should step up efforts to counter piracy at the retail level and stem the inflow of illegal products through Lithuania's eastern borders. The United States urges Lithuania to improve coordination among relevant government ministries, police, and customs officials to bolster IPR enforcement.
MALAYSIA
During 2003, the Malaysian Government continued to make progress in curtailing domestic retail piracy while increasing enforcement activities against pirate optical disc production facilities. However, while Malaysia is publicly committed to strong IPR protection and enforcement, it remains the world's largest exporter of pirate entertainment software. Piracy rates remain high for optical media (especially entertainment software) and books, and the substantial export of illegal goods continues. Already high levels of software piracy are increasing due to lax enforcement against infringements that occur in Internet cafes. Trademark infringement continues to be a serious problem as well, affecting a wide range of industries and products. The slow progress of cases through the judicial system and few prosecutions make it difficult to combat counterfeiting and piracy. Counterfeit pharmaceutical products are a particular concern. In addition to strengthening patent protection for pharmaceutical products, Malaysia
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