Jackson, J., dissenting
between home ownership and wealth. Today, as was true 50 years ago, Black home ownership trails White home ownership by approximately 25 percentage points.[1] Moreover, Black Americans’ homes (relative to White Americans’) constitute a greater percentage of household wealth, yet tend to be worth less, are subject to higher effective property taxes, and generally lost more value in the Great Recession.[2]
From those markers of social and financial unwellness flow others. In most state flagship higher educational institutions, the percentage of Black undergraduates is lower than the percentage of Black high school graduates in that State.[3] Black Americans in their late twenties are about half as likely as their White counterparts to have college degrees.[4] And because lower family income and wealth force students to borrow more, those Black students who do graduate college find themselves four years out with about $50,000 in student debt—nearly twice as much as their White compatriots.[5]
As for postsecondary professional arenas, despite being about 13% of the population, Black people make up only about 5% of lawyers.[6] Such disparity also appears in the business realm: Of the roughly 1,800 chief executive officers to have appeared on the well-known Fortune 500 list, fewer than 25 have been Black (as of 2022, only six are Black).[7] Furthermore, as the COVID–19 pandemic raged, Black-owned small businesses failed at dramatically higher rates
- ↑ Id., at 87; Wealth of Two Nations 77–79.
- ↑ Id., at 78, 89; Bollinger & Stone 94–95; Dickerson 1101.
- ↑ Bollinger & Stone 99–100.
- ↑ Id., at 99, and n. 58.
- ↑ Dickerson 1088; Bollinger & Stone 100, and n. 63.
- ↑ ABA, Profile of the Legal Profession 33 (2020).
- ↑ Bollinger & Stone 106; Brief for HR Policy Association as Amicus Curiae 18–19.
