Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/133

ADEL ADELAIDE 113 those already mentioned were the " Drummer," a comedy, an opera entitled "Rosamond," and the "Freeholder," a sort of political "Specta- tor." Scattered among his essays are also sev- eral devotional poems, exalted in tone and feli- citous in diction, which are still included in every considerable collection of sacred poetry. Addison was a man of integrity and sincere piety, and by his amiability, his pleasant hu- mor, and his varied conversational powers greatly endeared himself to his friends. To those not intimate with him, a natural shyness of manner, which he was never able to shake off, made him seem cold and reserved. He has been accused of slighting and even of depreci- ating the merits of men of equal ability with himself. His treatment, when at the height of political power, of his old friend and literary coadjutor Steele, was not generous, and he in- curred the resentment of Pope, who attacked him in some memorably bitter lines. But the uniform tendency of his writings precludes the idea that he was to any considerable degree insincere or unjust to his contemporaries. ADEL. See ADAL. ADELAAR, Adelaer, or Adeler (the Eagle), a surname given, on account of his gallantry, to COET SIVEETSEN, born in Brevig, Norway, Dec. 16, 1622, died in Copenhagen, Nov. 5, 1675. He rose from the position of a common sailor, in which capacity he served from 1637 to 1642 in the Dutch navy, to the rank of admiral, first in the Venetian and afterward in the Danish ser- vice. During the wars of Venice against the Turks, Adelaar gave evidence of his daring spirit by fighting his way in 1654, with the ship to the command of which he had risen by his skill, through 67 Turkish galleys, sinking 15 of them with about 5,000 Turks on board, all of whom are said to have perished. For this exploit Venice conferred upon him the order of St. Mark, the title of lieutenant general of the admiralty, and a pension. In 1663, after returning for a short time to the Dutch navy, Adelaar accepted employment under the Danish government, and in 1675 became com- mander-in-chief of the fleet just about to act against Sweden. He died before it sailed. ADELAIDE, a city and the capital of South Australia, about 6 m. from the E. shore of St. Vincent's gulf, and 515m. N.W. of Melbourne ; pop. (with Port Adelaide and Albert Town) about 30,000. It is divided by the river Tor- rens into N*. and S. Adelaide, and surrounded by a semicircle of hills. The city was founded in 1836, and incorporated in 1842. It pos- sesses several fine squares, streets, and churches, a chamber of commerce, an assay office, and a botanical garden with a conser- vatory. King William street is the central thoroughfare and Hindley street the chief business locality. It is united by railway with Port Adelaide, 6 m. N. W. of the city, through which passes most of the commerce of South Australia. There is a large export trade in cereals, wool, and minerals, especially copper. 9 VOL. i. 9 A considerable amount of gold obtained from the mines discovered in 1852 is assayed at Adelaide. The export of wool exceeds 7,000,000 pounds annually. The annual ship- ment of fine copper is nearly 100,000 cwt. Since 1862 the greater part of the ore has been smelted in the colony. Adelaide has flouring mills, breweries, machine shops, brass and iron founderies, and manufactories of to- bacco, soap, candles, earthenware, leather, and barilla. The total value of South Aus- tralian imports (including 93,392 bullion and specie) in 1869 was 2,754,770; of exports, 2,993,035 ; total tonnage of vessels, exclusive of coastwise, nearly 350,000. Most of this trade centres in Port Adelaide. Albert Town is a small village about 1 m. from the port. The public revenue of the city in 1869 was 773,351, and the expenditure 653,107. It is the seat of an Anglican and a Roman Catholic bishop. ADELAIDE, Eugenie Louise, princess of Or- leans, daughter of Louis Philippe Joseph, duke of Orleans, surnamed Egalitd, born in Paris, Aug. 25, 1777, died there, Dec. 31, 1847. In 1791 she went to England. On her return, in November, 1792, she found herself proscribed as an emigree, and fled into the Austrian Neth- erlands, then invaded by the French army of the north, putting herself under the protection of her brother, the young duke of Chartres, afterward King Louis Philippe, who com- manded a division of that army. Her brother being soon compelled to take flight himself to escape the guillotine, she was conducted over to the Austrian advanced posts. She rejoined her brother after many perils in Schaff hausen, Switzerland, May 26, 1793, accompanied by her former governess, Mme. de Genlis. They next took refuge in a convent, but their money ran short, and she threw herself upon the protection of her aunt, the princess Oonti, at Fribourg. Her aunt dared not receive her in her own house, as the prejudice against the name of Orleans was so strong among the royal family of France, but she put her and Mme. de Genlis to board in a Swiss convent. After a separation of 10 years she saw her brother once more at Figueras in Spain ; and after some further removals she at length re- joined him at Portsmouth, England, whence she followed him to Palermo, where in 1809 he married the daughter of the king of the Two Sicilies. From that time till the restora- tion she lived with him in Sicily. When Louis XVIII. had to quit France once more, she again followed her brother abroad. After the revolution of July, 1830, she persuaded him to accept the throne. Madame Adelaide; as she was now called, exercised considerable influence on the decisions of the king of the French, and was popularly regarded as his guardian angel. She died two months before his overthrow in February, 1848. ADELAIDE, Saint, queen of Italy and empress of Germany, born in France in 933, died at