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106 AUERSPERG AUGIER life member of the upper house of the Aus- trian Reichsrath, and in 1868 he was unani- mously chosen first president of the Cisleithan delegation. The degree of doctor of philoso- phy was conferred upon him in 1865, on oc- casion of the 500th anniversary of the univer- sity of Vienna. He holds a high rank among the lyrical and epic poets of Germany, espe- cially excelling as a humorist and a politi- cal satirist. Among his most renowned works are: Der letzte Bitter (Stuttgart, 1830; Eng- lish version by John O. Sargent, New York, 1871), Spaziergange eines Wiener Poeten (Ham- burg, 1831), Schutt (Leipsic, 1835), and Oe- dichte (1837). Al ERSPERG, Carlos, prince, an Austrian states- man, born May 1, 1814. Thougn the head of the principal branch of his family, one of the oldest in the empire, he lived in retire- ment on his estates till the reestablishment of constitutional government by the imperial pat- ent of February, 1861. He was appointed by Schmerling president of the upper chamber of the Vienna Reichsrath, and has since in vari- ous capacities, in that assembly and as represen- tative of the Bohemian landed nobility at the diet of Prague, performed a very conspicuous part in defence of the constitutional system against clerical and feudal reaction, of the in- terests of the German nationality against the Czechs, and of the unity of the empire against federation. He readily accepted, however, the dualistic platform of 1867, and cooperated in establishing and maintaining the new order of things in Austro-Hungary. Early in 1868 he became president of the so-called " citizens' cabinet" in Cisleithan Austria, but the trans- actions of Count Beust, the imperial chancellor, with the Czechs obliged him to retire in the autumn of the same year. He remained in opposition during the administrations of Count Potocki and Hohenwart, and is now (1873) a zealous supporter of the liberal cabinet headed by his brother Adolph (born July 21, 1821). AlERSTADT, a village of Thuringia, in the Prussian province of Saxony, 10 m. W. of Naumburg, famous for Davoust's great victory over the Prussian army under the duke of Brunswick on the same day on which Napo- leon defeated the main army of Frederick Wil- liam III. at Jena, Oct. 14, 1806. Davoust, with 35,000 men, beat 50,000, and Napoleon made him duke of Auerstadt. (See JENA.) AUGEiS, or Anglas, a mythical king of Elis, the cleansing of whose stables was one of the 12 labors of Hercules. (See HEECULES.) When the hero demanded the stipulated reward, Au- geas refused to give it to him ; whereupon Her- cules slew him and all his sons save Phyleus, whom he made king in the room of his father. AUGER. See BOEING. AIGEREAU, Pierre Francis Charles, duke of Castiglione, a French soldier, born in 1757, died in June, 1816. At an early age he entered the Neapolitan army, in which he continued a private until he was 30 years old, when he set- tled at Naples, and gained his livelihood by teaching fencing, until, being suspected of rev- olutionary principles, he was ordered to quit Italy. Entering the French republican army of the south, he rose rapidly from grade to grade, merely by intrepidity, for he had no military genius. His numerous and contemp- tible vices made him everywhere hated, but he had great physical courage. In 1794 he was made brigadier general in the army of the east- ern Pyrenees, and afterward general of divi- sion. Oft the peace with Spain he was ap- pointed to the army of Italy, and served in all its campaigns under Bonaparte. By his charge at Lodi he decided the victory, and he still more distinguished himself by storming the position of Castiglione (1796). On the overthrow of the directory, on the 18th Fructidor (1797), he expected the succession to one of the expelled directors; but being disappointed, he affected the severe republican, and on Bonaparte's return from Egypt held aloof from him until after the revolution of Brumaire (1798). Shortly after the establish- ment of the empire he was rewarded with the baton of a marshal, and created duke of Casti- glione (1805). He fought bravely in the wars with Austria and Prussia (1805 and 1806), es- pecially at Jena. At Eylau (1807), when so ill that he could hardly sit upright, he compelled his servants to tie him to his saddle, and thus led his column into the fight. Being wounded, however, he was compelled to fall back, his men were thrown into disorder, and Napoleon unjustly sent him home in disgrace. In 1810 he served in Spain, and in 1813 distinguished himself at Leipsic ; and when France was in- vaded in 1814, he was intrusted with the defence of Lyons, which he pledged himself to maintain to the last; but failing through want of means to make good his word, he was again unjustly disgraced. While in retirement at Valence, a proclamation appeared in his name stigmatizing the emperor as "an odious despot, and a mean coward, who knew not how to die as becomes a soldier;" and al- though the authenticity of the document has been denied by his defenders, Napoleon believ- ed in it. On the way to Elba, Napoleon met his ex-marshal, on the road near Valence ; and both descending from their carriages, an inter- view followed, which terminated in an alterca- tion. Angereau gave in his adhesion to Louis XVIIL, received the cross of St. Louis and the command of the 14th division, and was appointed a peer of France. On the return of Napoleon from Elba, he remained inactive until the emperor was actually in Paris, when he would have returned to his party, but Na- poleon would not trust him. On the second restoration of the Bourbons, he would again have made his peace with the king; but finding no encouragement, he retired to his seat at La Houssaye, where he died. AIMER, Gnlllanme Victor Kniilo, a French playwright, born in Valence, Sept. 17, 1820.