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BUDGELL BUEN AYRE 405 waste in the ordinary hollow flame ; only the outer portion of this is exposed to the oxygen of the atmosphere, and the gases in the interior are carried off only partially consumed. By directing a current of oxygen gas upward through the internal cavity of the flame, all the gases meet the full supply of this element, and thorough combinations take place, with greatly increased vividness of light. It is a process, however, that can only be advantage- ously conducted upon a large scale. According to the quantity of oxygen supplied, the color of the light varies from perfect white to red. Bt'DGELL, Eustace, an English writer, born at St. Thomas, near Exeter, in 1685, died in 1736. He assisted Steele in the composition of the "Tatler," and Addison in the "Spectator," where his contributions are distinguished by the signature X. In 1717 Addison obtained for him the place of comptroller general of the revenue in Ireland. He lampooned the Irish viceroy, and was removed from office; and in 1720 he lost 20,000 by the failure of the South sea scheme, and afterward spent 5,000 more in unsuccessful attempts to get into parliament. He then employed himself in writing against the ministers. In 1733 he began a weekly pe- riodical called the " Bee," which continued for above 100 numbers, and has been reprinted in 8 vols. 8vo. Soon after this a legacy of 2,000 was left him in the will of his friend Dr. Tin- dal ; but Budgell was accused of having inter- polated this passage into the will, and the leg- acy was annulled. He then studied law, and was called to the bar, but meeting with no suc- cess, he committed suicide by leaping from a boat into the Thames. He left in his room a paper on which was written, " What Cato did, and Addison approved, cannot be wrong." BUDWEiS (Czech, Sudegovice), a. fortified town of Bohemia, on the Moldau, 77 m. S. of Prague ; pop. in 1870, 17,413. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, and contains a cathe- dral, a council house, two gymnasia, and flour- ishing manufactures of woollen, damasks, mus- lins, &c. The railway, completed in 1832, which connects Budweis with Linz, was the first one built in Germany. Near by is the Schloss Frauenberg, one of the seats of Prince Schwarzenberg, attached to which is a park containing 800 wild swine. KIEL, Jesse, an American agriculturist, born at Coventry, Conn., Jan. 4, 1778, died at Danbury, Oct. 6, 1839. He learned the trade of a printer, and in 1813 went to Albany, N. Y., and established the "Argus," a political newspaper, which he conducted till 1821, when he retired to a farm near Albany. The land which he chose had been almost worthless un- der the system of cultivation hitherto pursued ; but by fertilizers and more perfect tillage he made it one of the best farms of the state. He was frequently a member of the state legis- lature, for a while judge of the county court, and at the time of his death one of the regents ef the university. In 1834 he commenced the publication of the "Albany Cultivator," which he edited for six years. He also conducted the " Farmers' Instructor " (10 vols.), and the "Farmers' Companion" (1839). In addition to these publications, he delivered an immense number of addresses upon his favorite subject in almost all parts of the United States. BlIELL, Don Carlos, an American general, born near Marietta, Ohio, March 23, 1818. He graduated at West Point in 1841, and served in the Florida war and on frontier duty till 1845. In the Mexican war he was present at the bat- tles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monte- rey, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churubusco, where he was severely wounded, receiving the brevets of captain and major. In the latter part of 1847 and in 1848 he was employed in the adjutant general's office at Washington ; from 1849 to 1861 as assistant adjutant general in the departments of New Mexico, Texas, the East, the West, and the Pacific. After the commencement of the civil war in 1861 he as- sisted in organizing the army collected near Washington. In November of that year he was placed in command of the department of the Ohio, his headquarters being at Louisville, Ky. On March 21, 1862, he was made major general of volunteers, his department being incorpo- rated with that of the Mississippi, under Gen. Halleck. He appeared with a part of one of his divisions on the battle field of Shiloh, April 6, in time to succor the hard-pressed force un- der Gen. Grant ; on the following day, his other divisions having come up, the confederates were worsted, and fell back to their retrenchments at Corinth. In June he was placed in command of the newly formed district of the Ohio, with his headquarters at Huntsville, Ala. In July and August the confederates, under Bragg, marched into Kentucky, compelling the abandonment of Lexington and Frankfort, and threatening Louisville and even Cincinnati. On Sept. 30 Buell, by order from Washington, turned over his command to Gen. Thomas, upon whose re- quest it was at once restored to Buell. A part of Bnell's army came up with a part of the con- federate force at Perryville, Oct. 8, where an indecisive action was fought. The confederates retreated leisurely to Cumberland gap, and Buell did not follow them. On the 24th he was directed to transfer his command to Gen. Rosecrans, and a court of inquiry was ordered to investigate his operations in Tennessee and Kentucky. The action of this court has never been published. Gen. Buell was mustered out of the volunteer service May 23, 1864, resigned his commission in the army June 1, and in 1865 became president of the Green River iron works, in Kentucky. lil'K.X AYRE, or Bonaire, a small island in the Dutch West Indies, 25 m. E. of Curacoa, used as a penal depot ; pop. about 4,000. It is a highland, sloping to the 8. W., on which side there is a very good roadstead. The prin- cipal trade of the island is in salt, but cochineal is also produced.