Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/464

458 BURKE BURLAMAQUI burdened with the payment of 400 per annum to whichever of Mr. Burke's sons should edit the " Peerage, " as long as it continued to be pub- lished. Sir J. Bernard Burke was called to the English bar at the Middle Temple in 1839, suc- ceeded Sir William Betham as " Ulster king of arms of all Ireland " in 1853, and was knighted in 1854. He succeeded his father as editor of the " Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronet- age," and has also written the "History of Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages," "History of the Landed Gentry," "Vicissitudes of Families," and several other works on kindred subjects. BUKKE, John Doly, an American historian, born in Ireland, killed in a duel caused by a political quarrel, April 11, 1808, near Camp- bell's bridge, Va. He was educated at Trinity college, Dublin, emigrated to America in 1797, conducted a newspaper in Boston, and subse- quently one in New York, where he was ar- rested under the sedition law. He then re- moved to Petersburg, Va., where he practised law. He wrote " Bunker Hill " and several other historical dramas, and a " History of the late War in Ireland " (1797). His best work, the " History of Virginia from the first Settlement down to 1804," was in three volumes, to which a fourth was added in 1816, written by L. H. Girardin and Mr. Jones. A memoir of Burke, by 0. Campbell, was published in 1868. BURKE, Robert O'Hara, an Australian explorer, born in county Galway, Ireland, in 1821, died in Australia in June, 1861. He received a collegiate education in Belgium, served in the Austrian army, was for several years a member of the mounted police after his return to Great Britain in 1848, and subsequently went to Aus- tralia. He served there for seven years as in- spector of police, and during that time went to England to take part in the Crimean war, but ar- rived too late. He left Melbourne Aug. 20, 1860, at the head of a finely organized government expedition to cross the continent from south to north. Some of the men soon abandoned the en- terprise, while others were left in charge of a relief camp at Cooper's creek. Burke, accom- panied by the astronomer Wills, and by King and Grey, started from, that point Dec. 16, and travelled about 300 m. in a N. W. direc- tion with only six camels and one horse, after which they turned eastward, keeping nearly due N. on the meridian of 140, and reaching on Feb. 11, 1861, one of the numerous streams falling into the gulf of Carpentaria about lat. 17 30' S. and Ion. 140 E., which Wills identi- fied as the Cloncurry, but which had long been supposed to be the Flinders river. They cross- ed swamps and found a channel through which the sea water entered, but do not seem to have actually set foot on the shores of the gulf. Their home journey, commenced Feb. 19, 1861, was attended by even more grievous hardships than they had previously endured; and they reached the relief camp at Cooper's creek on April 21, only to find that it had been deserted on the previous day by the party in charge of it, who had given up all hope of seeing them again. Burke and his companions perished from starvation and exposure, excepting the sailor King, who was reduced almost to a skeleton when a searching expedition under Howitt's command found him on Sept. 15 with a party of aborigines who had given him shel- ter. Several expeditions were set on foot, and after a protracted search the remains of Burke and Wills were found in the neighborhood of Cooper's creek. Among the travellers who followed the tracks of Burke, Landsborough, leader of an expedition started by the authori- ties of Victoria and Queensland, succeeded in 1862 in likewise crossing the continent from south to north ; and McKinlay, at the head of another expedition under the auspices of the Southern Australian authorities, performed the same feat, though taking a somewhat different route. Burke's name has been given to an ex- tensive district S. of the gulf of Carpentaria, and to several localities in that region, in com- memoration of his services and fate. BURKE, Thomas Nicholas, an Irish Dominican preacher, born in Galway in 1830. He re- ceived priestly orders in 1856, and is a mem- ber of the convent of St. Saviour's, Dublin. His eloquence has caused him to "be yearly called to Rome, where he was partly educa- ted, to preach during Lent. In October, 1871, he came to the United States as "visitator general " of his order, and preached and lec- tured almost daily here or in Canada. A very large sum of money was thus realized for public charities. The interest produced by his dis- courses was much increased by a public con- troversy with the historian Froude, who was lecturing in the country at the same time, on his representations of the Irish race. Father Burke returned to Europe Feb. 22, 1873. His lectures and sermons were collected and pub- lished by P. M. Haverty (New York, 1872). BIJRKEL, llrinrlrh, a German painter, born at Pirmasens, Bavaria, Sept. 9, 1802, died June 10, 1869. He studied in Munich and Rome, and among his works are many pictures of com- mon life in Italy, Bavaria, and Tyrol, with landscapes. His painting of brigands in the Campagna di Roma is especially renowned. BURLAMAQUI, Jean Jacques, a Swiss writer upon law, born in Geneva, July 24, 1694, died April 3, 1748. His education was directed by his father, a learned man and secretary of the republic. Before he was 26 years old he was appointed honorary professor of jurispru- dence in the university of Geneva. He trav- elled in England, Holland, and France, and re- turning to Geneva in 1723, he began his course of lectures, which brought great reputation to himself and the university. In 1740 he resigned his professorship on account of ill health, and became a member of the sovereign council, where he continued to render service to the state until his death. The writings of Burlamaqui are remarkable for the clearness