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BUXTON BDYUKDEREH 505 declare how many hairs' breadths it contained. He scarcely had a system of calculation, as, from his own obscure explanation, his process was clumsy and circuitous, though extremely swift. He walked to London to see the king, and was examined by the royal society, who asked him : " In a body whose three sides are respectively 23,145,789 yards, 5,642,732 yards, and 54,965 yards, how many cubical eighths of an inch are there ? " His reply, calculated at once with- out one figure having been written down, was found to be correct. Except with respect to this mastery of numbers, his intellect was much inferior to that of ordinary men. IU MOV I. Sir Thomas FoweU, a British legislator and philanthropist, born at Castle Hedingham, Essex, April 1, 1786, died at his residence near Aylsham, Norfolk, Feb. 19, 1845. He received his education at Donny- brook, and subsequently at Trinity college, Dublin. In 1808 he became a clerk, hi 1811 a partner, and soon after principal manager of the brewery of Truman, Hanbury, and co., of London. In 1816 he took an active part in a public meeting, by which 44,000 was col- lected for the relief of the poor in the manu- facturing district of Spitalflelds. In conjunc- tion with Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, his sister-in-law, and Mr. Hoare, his brother-in-law, he person- ally examined into the state of British prisons, and published the result of his inquiry. From this came the prison discipline society, which led to the removal of many of the evils pointed out. From 1818 to 1837 he was member of parliament for Weymouth. Prison discipline, the amelioration of the criminal law, the sup- pression of lotteries, the abolition of Hindoo widow-burning, and the abolition of slavery were subjects on which he was always earnest in debate. He cooperated with Mr. Wilber- force in the anti-slavery movement, and suc- ceeded him as recognized parliamentary leader of the party. After he left parliament he em- ployed his leisure in writing a book against the African slave trade. In 1840 he was made a baronet. II. Charles, son of the preceding, born in 1822, died in August, 1871. He was educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1843 ; was returned to parlia- ment in 1857 for Newport, Isle of Wight, in 1859 for Maidstone, and in 1865 for East Sur- rey. He edited and completed the autobiogra- phy of his father (London, 1848), wrote " Ideas of the Day on Policy," and contributed to the " Cambridge Essays." BKXTORF. I. Johann, a German Hebraist, born at Kamen, Westphalia, Dec. 25, 1564, died of the plague in Basel, Sept. 13, 1629. He was professor at Basel for 38 years, and the most eminent oriental scholar of his day. His most important works are the Hebrew Bi- ble with the rabbinical and masoretic notes, a Hebrew grammar, a Hebrew and Chaldee, and a Chaldee, Talmudical, and rabbinical lexicon, the last edited by his son. II. Johann, son of the preceding, born in Basel, Aug. 13, 1599, died there, Aug. 16, 1664. He succeeded his father in the chair of Hebrew at Basel in 1630, and occupied it for 34 years until his death. The same chair was filled by his son and his nephew successively during 68 years longer. He published a Chaldee and Syriac lexicon, a Latin translation of Maimonides's Moreh ne- buichim, and the Coneordantice Bibliorum He- braicorum, begun by his father. liMI klH,KKII. a village of European Turkey, on the W. side of the Bosporus, 9 m. N. N. E. of Constantinople, with which it is connected by steamers. It consists of an upper and a low- er village. The latter contains many fine resi- Buyukdereh.