Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/108

100 CATAMOUNT CATANZARO white than in the colored races. Early mar- riages in Hindostan and other warm climates, then, do not depend on natural precocity, but on the habits and customs of the country. The uterus is congested during the menstrua- tion, and so are the ovaries and the Fallopian tubes ; the tissues of the vagina are relaxed, and the os uteri is softened and swollen; these conditions disappear when the flow ceases, and the parts return to their natural state. During pregnancy and lactation the menses usually cease, and they may also be suppressed from other local causes. Vicarious menstruation sometimes takes place as a means of obviating the ,ill efl'ects of suppressed menstruation, by substituting a similar discharge from some other part. It occurs from the gums, the nos- trils, the lungs, the stomach, or even from the eyes, and other parts of the body. CATAMOUNT. See COUOCAR. CATANIA. I. A province of Sicily, on the E. coast, bounded N. by Messina, E. by the Ionian tea, S. by Syracuse, and W. by Caltanisetta and Square of the Elephant Palermo; area, 1,970 sq. m.; pop. in 1872, 479,- 850. It comprises the four districts of Catania, Acireale, Caltagirone, and Nicosia. With the exception of the Piana di Catania (plain of Ca- tania), the province is mountainous, and in- cludes in its limits Mt. Etna. The chief rivers are the Giaretta and its affluents. The Piana is very fertile, but only imperfectly cultivated. Near Militello and Scordia there are, however, flourishing plantations of olives and oranges. The slopes of Mt. Etna are covered with rich pastures. The chief articles of export are sul- phur, grain (chiefly wheat), wine, oranges, lemons, nuts, oil, kid skins, linseed, sumach, soda, lava, and snow from Etna, which is sent to the ports of Sicily, to southern Italy, and Malta. Manufactures of silk and cotton are leading industries. A colony of Albanians in this province has preserved for more than 400 years the Albanian language and the Greek rite in divine worship. II. A city (anc. Ca- tana or Catina), capital of the province, situ- ated on the E. coast, on the shore of the gulf of Catania, which is an inlet of the Mediter- ranean, at the foot of Mt. Etna, 30 m. N. N. W. of Syracuse ; pop. in 1872, 84,397. It is the handsomest city in Sicily, with wide and regular streets, and numerous and splendid public buildings. Its vicinity to Etna has in- troduced the use of lava for various purposes. The streets are paved with it, the finest build- ings are made of it, and it is formed also into ornamental chimneypieces, tables, and toys. It has many remains of the ancient Eoman city, among which are an amphitheatre, a theatre, and ruins of baths and temples. Its principal public edifices are the cathedral, re- built since the earthquake of 1C93, the senate house, the university, and a vast Benedictine convent. Since 1867 it has been the seat of an archbishop, formerly of a bishop. It is one of the three principal ports of Sicily, and is the leading mart for silk ; besides the silks retain- ed for the local manu- factories, considerable quantities are exported. Cotton manufactures, which were formerly limited to coarse cloths for home consumption, have recently received a great development. Cotton is also exported to France and England. There are also manufac- tures of linen, and car- vings of amber, lava, marble, and wood. The city is supposed to have been founded in the latter part of the 8th century B. C. by ^ "- *- _ " (Jreek colonists from the neighboring town of Naxos. It suffered severely during the Syracusan and Roman wars, and in the first Punic war sided with the Cartha- ginians, but was among the first of the Sicilian cities to submit to the Romans after its close. It has been several times destroyed by earthquakes and eruptions of Etna ; as in 121 B. C., A. D. 1169, 1669, and 1693 ; but it has each time been rebuilt with greater beauty than before. In 1848 and 1849 there were violent popular out- breaks; and on April 6, 1849, the Neapolitans expelled the Sicilians from the city. CATANZARO. I. Or Calabria Ulteriore II., a province of S. Italy, in the former kingdom of Naples, bounded N. by Cosenza, E. by the Ionian sea, S. by Reggio, and "W. by the Tyr- rhenian sea ; area, 2,307 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 412,226. It comprises the four districts of Ni- castro, Cotrone, Catanzaro, and Monteleone. One half of the province is level, the other