Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/128

120 CATHELINEAU CATILINE 500 ft. in length and 420 in breadth. That of Lima is a massive stone structure, 320 ft. long and 180 wide, the facade painted red and yel- low, with lath and plaster towers at each angle. Notices and illustrations of the principal cathedrals throughout the world will be found under the names of their respective places. See "Essays on Cathedrals," edited by J. 8. Howson (London, 1872). CATHELINEAU, Jacques, generalissimo of the Vendeans in the revolt of 1793 against the revolutionary government of France, born at Pin-en-Mauges, in Anjou, Jan. 5, 1759, died at St. Florent, July 11, 1793. After having been engaged in the business of his father, who was a mason, he became a linen peddler, and after the outbreak of the French revolution was poor, with a large family. His religious de- votion was so well known in the province, that he was called the saint of Anjou. A bloody fight that took place at St. Florent, March 12, 1793, between the republican troops and the royalists, on the occasion of a levy for the army according to a recent decree of the convention, roused the spirit of Cathelineau, and at the head of a body of youth he attacked and expelled the garrisons of Jallais and Chollet. As the number and courage of his bands, though with- out regular arms, were continually increasing, he fought several engagements, mostly with success. After the taking of Saumur, June 13, he was elevated to the dignity of general- in-chief, us the most popular of the leaders. He marched against Angers, which made no resistance; but an attack on Nantes ended, after a whole day of desperate struggle (June 29), in the dispersion of his troops. Cathe- lineau was wounded and carried to St. Florent, where he died after 12 days. After the res- toration of the Bourbons his surviving children were rewarded with pensions, and a statue was erected to his memory at his birthplace, which was broken in 1832 by the soldiers of Louis Philippe. His son, also named JACQUKB, born March 28, 1787, took part in an anti-Napoleonic movement in La Vendee in 1815, and was shot in 1832 while engaged in the conspiracy of the duchess of Berry. CATHOLIC CHURCH. Bee ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. CATILINE, or fatilina, Lnclns Sergins, a Roman conspirator, killed in the engagement of Fte- sulse, 62 B. 0. He was the descendant of an ancient but decayed patrician family, and is said by his enemies to have spent his youth and early manhood in a career of profligacy and crime, taking a bloody part in the pro- scriptions of Sulla, when even some of his own relations became his victims. He was sus- pected of criminal intercourse with a vestal, and believed guilty of the secret murder of his first wife and his son, committed in order to marry another woman. All this did not pre- vent him from obtaining important offices and aspiring to the highest dignities in the republic, being able by his mental and bodily powers, of which even his enemies speak with admira- tion, to undertake every task. Having been sent as praetor to Africa, he returned in 66 B. 0. to Rome, to become a candidate in the next consular election, but was disqualified by a charge of extortion in his province, directed against him by Clodius Pulcher, known by his later enmity to Cicero. The newly elected consuls were convicted of bribery, and Cotta and Torquatus, their accusers and competitors, took their places. On these Catiline resolved to wreak his vengeance, conspiring against their lives with Autronius, one of the deposed consuls, Cn. Piso, and others. The first day of the consulship was fixed for the assassina- tion, but Catiline, it is said, frustrated the at- tempt by his impatient haste in giving the signal. This failure only stimulated him to greater undertakings. He now, it is alleged, formed a new conspiracy with the purpose of exterminating the whole body of the senate, murdering all the magistrates of the republic, and sharing its sway and treasures with his followers. Such is the representation of great contemporary writers, though their impartiality may be questioned. The corruption of the times favored his designs ; ruined nobles of all ranks, profligates, and intriguing persons of both sexes, joined him ; many veterans of Sulla were found ready to renew the familiar scenes of proscription; the restless populace could easily be used. His chief cooperators were P. C. Lentulus and P. Autronius, ex-con- suls, L. Calpurnius Bestia, tribune elect, Cethe- gus, two nephews of Sulla, and others. It was now his interest to be elected consul ; he be- came a candidate, but was again unsuccessful. Cicero was elected with C. Antonius. Catiline now pushed on with greater vigor. The plot was matured ; troops were levied, especially under C. Manlius, a centurion of Sulla, in the vicinity of Frosulse, in Etruria ; arms were pro- vided, the lists of proscription made out, and the day fixed for the assassination of the con- suls and the general conflagration of the city. The watchfulness of Cicero saved himself and the republic. Fulvia, the mistress of one of the conspirators, was induced to communicate all the particulars ; 0. Antonius was made harm- less by the promise of Macedonia as a prov- ince. Informed by Cicero, the senate intrust- ed the consuls with absolute power to save the republic from the threatening danger. At the following consular election Catiline was again rejected, and in the night of Nov. 6, 63, he de- clared in a secret meeting to his ringleaders that the time of action had arrived. Cicero, who knew their every movement, summoned the senate, and delivered his first great oration against Catiline, giving full and ample informa- tion of all the facts. Catiline was bold enough to be present and to attempt his justification ; but his voice was drowned by the cries of "Enemy " and " Parricide " from the indignant senators, and he was left on his deserted bench a spectacle to the assembly. He left Rome in