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132 CATULUS CAUCA tullus, mostly short and without arrangement by subjects; a few are strictly lyrical, some are elegiac, one is heroic, but most are epigram- matic. From his imitation of the Greeks, Catullus was called doctus, but he possessed much originality ; there is in his style a certain air of antiquity which the Komans greatly ad- mired. The text of Catullus seems to have been early corrupted; all MSS. are derived from one source, and that an imperfect one. There are several poems of unknown author- ship which are ascribed to Catullus ; the elder Pliny mentions De Incantamentis ; and Ciris and Pervigilium Veneris have been attributed to him, but the latter is now generally believed to have been written by Florus in the 2d cen- tury. In his epigrammatic poems the Roman spirit prevails, and in the elegiac the Greek. Most of his epigrams are pleasant light impromp- tus, full of irony and satire, of various forms and on a great variety of subjects ; they con- tain many obscure passages and some allusions offensive to modern ears ; they are composed in 13 different metres. The elegies are imita- tions of the Greek, especially of Callimachus and Sappho; they exhibit, however, great vigor of language, and less frivolity than his epigrams. A good edition of his works is that of Sillig (Gottingen, 1823); of more recent editions, one of the best is that of E. Ellis (1866). They have been translated into Eng- lish byG. Lamb (1821), T.Martin (1861), J. Cranstoun (1867), and R. Ellis (1871). (ATI LI s. the name of a Roman family of the plebeian gens Lutatia. I. Cains Lntatius, con- sul with Aulus Postumius Albinus in 242 B. C. On March 10, 241, he won a great and decisive naval victory over the Carthaginians, near the island of JEgusa. This buttle put an end to the first Punic war, compelling Hamilcar to agree to most disadvantageous terms of peace. Catulus claimed find obtained a triumph, which was celebrated on Oct. 4. II. Qiiintus Lulntiiis, consul with Caius Marius in 102 B. C., died in 87. He entered upon his term of office just as a powerful body of northern tribes were preparing to descend upon Italy. Marius, with one portion of the army, was sent to oppose the Teutons, who were about to enter the country from Gaul in the neighborhood of the modern Nice; while Ca- tulus undertook to oppose the Cimbri who were advancing from the Tyrol. He took up a posi- tion not far from the source of the Adige, and awaited their attack; but the enemy, in spite of his opportunities fur defence, assailed him with such violence as to drive his army across the Po. Marina, who had meanwhile defeated the Teutons at the battle of Aqua? Sextise, and returned to Rome, now hastened to aid his colleague. His army and that of Catulus recrossed the Po and defeated the Cimbri at Vercellro (Vercelli). The accounts of this battle, which was fought in July, 101, are rendered most obscure by the jealousy of partisan writers, some of whom give all the glory to Marius, others to Catulus. It un- doubtedly belonged to the former, if the ac- counts of the public feeling at Rome are to be trusted. In the civil war Catulus espoused the cause of Sulla, and was among those named in the lists of the proscription of 87 B. C. He preferred suicide to falling by the hands of his 'enemies, and killed himself by suffocation with the fumes of charcoal. III. Quint as Lntatias, son of the preceding, died in 60 B. C. He earned distinction by his honesty and patriot- ism, and was made consul in 78. lie quelled a revolution which his colleague Lepidus ex- cited after the death of Sulla. In 65 he was made censor. Catulus is highly praised by Cicero, whom he earnestly aided in the sup- pression of Catiline's conspiracy. CATIIRZE, Jean, a French heretic, born at Li- moux, died at the stake at Toulouse in June, 1532. He was a popular professor of law and other sciences, and was driven in 1531 from his native place on account of his heretical doctrines. The next year he was arrested in Toulouse and sentenced to be burned. The accounts are conflicting in regard to the pre- cise facts, but it is certain that he was put to death as a heretic, and that his friends, and especially his pupils, regarded him as a martyr. Etienne Volet, who defended him in a public speech (Oct. 9, 1532), was himself eventually doomed to a martyr's death in Paris, Aug. 3, 1546. Rabelais alludes to the tragic end of Caturze in his Puntagruel. CAtCA, a river of South America, rising in that part of the Colombian Andes called Para- mo de Guanacos, in the United States of Co- lombia, lat. 2 N., Ion. 76 30' W. On de- scending from the mountains, its course is W. until about 15 m. W. of the town of Popayan, where it bends N., and flows with the impetu- osity of a mountain stream almost parallel to the Magdalena, which river it enters at the town of Nechi, lat. 9 N. The whole course of the Cauca is about 600 m. ; it is navigable only for small craft, and not above Cali, which, with Toro, Buga, Antioquia, and Neohi, are the principal towns upon its banks. The val- ley which it waters, lying between the W. and central Cordilleras of the Andes, is one of the most fertile in the western continent. CAUCA, a state of the United States of Colom- bia, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea, E. by Cundinamarca, S. by Ecuador, and W. by the Pacific ocean ; area, 260,000 sq. m. ; pop. about 435,000. It is traversed by the river of the same name, and is one of the richest, most fer- tile, and most populous districts in South Amer- ica. It consists of two plateaus of different elevation, and consequently of different tem- perature ; the land is well cultivated, and pro- duces the various cereals, coffee, sugar, tobac- co, cotton, and cocoa, the last being especially abundant; and vast and rich pastures afford nourishment for innumerable herds of cattle and mules. The fields and farmhouses present the appearance of wealth and comfort. Gold