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320 CHAKLEVOIX CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA ( II ARLEVOIX, an E. county of Quebec, Cana- da, bounded N. E. by the river Saguenay, and 8. E. by the St. Lawrence ; area, 5,224 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 15,611, all but 341 of French de- scent, and all but 9 Roman Catholics. It is traversed by the Laurentian mountains, and much of the rest of the surface is rugged, and some of it mountainous. The rivers Gouffre, Malbaie, Menin, Bouchard, and Noire fall into the St. Lawrence ; the Petit Saguenay into the Sagnenay. Numerous lakes are interspersed over the surface. Capital, Baie St. Paul. CHARLEVOIX, Pierre Francois Xavler de, a French historian, critic, and traveller, born at St. Quentin, Oct. 29, 1682, died at La Fleche, Feb. 1, 1761. He entered the society of Jesus in 1698, and while a scholar he was sent to Quebec in 1705 and was employed for four years in teaching in the college at that place. On completing his divinity studies he became professor of belles-lettres in France. After publishing a history of Christianity in Japan he returned to Canada in 1720, to write his history of that province. He remained for a time at Sault St. Louis, where his room is still shown, ascended the St. Lawrence, and reaching the Mississippi by way of the Illinois, descended to New Orleans, returning to France by way of Santo Domingo, after two years' absence. In 1724 he published a life of Mother Mary of the Incarnation, first superior of the Ursulines at Quebec, and from 1733 to 1755 he was one of the directors of the Journal de Trecoux. He published in succession a history of Santo Domingo and a history of Japan, and in 1744 his Histoire de la Nouvelle France, which had been held back for nearly 20 years. With it ap- peared his journal while in America, addressed to the duchess de Lesdiguiere, which was soon after translated into English and highly es- teemed. The history, though praised and cited by historical scholars, remained untranslated till recently, when an edition in English was published at New York by J. G. Shea (6 vols., 1865-'72). His last work was a history of Paraguay (1756). CHARLOTTE, a S. county of Virginia, bounded 8. W. by Staunton river ; area, 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 14,513, of whom 9,613 were colored. The surface is hilly. The Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio railroad crosses the N. end, and the Richmond, Danville, and Pied- mont road traverses the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 75,194 bushels of wheat, 194,260 of Indian corn, 118,931 of oats, and 1,964,736 Ibs. of tobacco. There were 1,035 horses, 1,715 milch cows, 2,506 other cattle, 3,223 sheep, and 7,224 swine. Capital, Marysville. CHARLOTTE, a city of North Carolina, capital of Mecklenburg co., on Sugar creek, 125 m. W. S. W. of Raleigh; pop. in 1870, 4,473, of whom 1,880 were colored. The Charlotte, Co- lumbia, and Augusta, the Wilmington, Char- lotte, and Rutherford, and the North Carolina railroads meet here. A plank road 120 m. long connects it with Fayetteville. The city is situated upon the gold range of the Atlantic states, and its prosperity is principally owing to the working of the mines in its vicinity. A branch mint for coining gold was established here in 1838, which up to March 31, 1861, when it was closed by the civil war, produced 1,206,954 pieces, valued at $5,048,641 50. It was reopened in 1869, and up to June 80, 1872, $50,751 63 in unparted bars were produced. The total deposits to that date amounted to $5,118,644 89. Under the coinage act of 1873, this establishment ceased to be operated as a mint, but is continued as an assay office. Char- lotte contains several schools, churches, and cotton factories, and three banks with an ag- gregate capital of $700,000. It has two daily, two tri-weekly, and four weekly newspapers, and a monthly periodical. The "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence" was adopted here, May 31, 1775. The British troops occu- pied Charlotte in 1780, and for a time it was the American headquarters. CHARLOTTE, a S. W. county of New Bruns- wick, Canada, bounded W. by Maine, S. W. by the St. Croix river, and S. by the bay of Fundy and Passamaquoddy bay; area, 1,323$ sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 25,882, of whom 10,703 were English in origin or descent, 10,154 Irish, and 4,819 Scotch. The town of St. Stephen is the highest point to which boats can ascend the St. Croix, which is 2 m. wide at its mouth. The county is traversed by the Western Extension, a part of the North Ameri- can and European, and by the New Brunswick and Canada railways. The soil is adapted to all kinds of agricultural produce found in this latitude ; but the inhabitants are largely em- ployed in ship building, fisheries, and com- merce. St. Andrews, the county town, is situated at the mouth of the St. Croix. CHARLOTTE AMALIE, a town of the West In- dies. See SAINT THOMAS. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA, commonly called Prin- cess Charlotte, daughter of Queen Caroline and George IV., born at Carlton house, Jan. 7, 1796, died at Claremont, Nov. 6, 1817. At an early age she was placed under the care of the bishop of Exeter and Lady Clifford, and became one of the most accom- plished princesses of her day. The prince of Orange was proposed to her as husband, but she bestowed her affections upon Prince Leo- pold of Saxe-Coburg, who hi 1831 became king of Belgium. She married him May 2, 1816, and they took up their residence at Clare- mont, where she died after having been de- livered of a stillborn child. Her death caused universal grief in England. It was said that by proper treatment the life of the mother at least might have been saved ; and the physician who had attended her committed suicide in de- spair. Some of her letters, published in the "Quarterly Review," 1873, give a touching account of her unfortunate domestic life pre- vious to her marriage.