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372 CHEMNITZER CHENANGO tion of Duke Albert, who made him his librarian. Here he became interested in the- ology, and finally in 1553 obtained leave to re- turn to Wittenberg. He now devoted him- self entirely to the study of the reformed doc- trines, and soon became an able expounder of the Protestant faith. From the lectures he delivered while at Wittenberg on Melancbthon's Loci Commune* originated his own celebrated theological work, Loci Theologici. In 1554 he accepted the pastoral charge of the church at Brunswick. Here he attacked the doctrines of the Jesuits in his work Theologies Jesuitarum Prcecipua Capita. About this time a defence of the Jesuits and the council of Trent was pub- lished, which drew from him a reply entitled Examen Concilii Tridentini, a work regarded to this day by Protestants as an able vindica- tion of the reformed faith. He next took up and defended Luther's views of the communion. He drew up a creed for the churches of lower Saxony, which was generally accepted. He was in favor of the Formula Concord-ice, and used his efforts successfully, in conjunction with Andre, to induce the inhabitants of Swabia, Saxony, and Franconia to accept it as a rule of faith. He was highly esteemed by all parties for his moderation, and received fre- quent offers of place and emolument ; but he invariably declined them, that he might devote himself to theology. He also began to write a work entitled JJarmonia Evangeliorum, which was continued by Leyser and by Johann Gerhard, and which appeared in Hamburg in 1704. It was translated into German by Nicolai. II. Philipp BoerWav von, a German historian, grandson of the preceding, born at Stettin, May 9, 1605, died at Hallstad, Sweden, in 1678. Employed in the military service of Holland, and afterward of Sweden, he attract- ed the attention of Chancellor Oxenstiern, and at his recommendation Queen Christina ap- pointed him royal councillor and historiog- rapher. He published a history of the war carried on in Germany by the Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus (1648). He is the reputed author of a remarkable work, which appeared under the name of Hippolytus a Lapide, and was entitled De Ratione Status in Imperio nosiro Romano- Germanico, &c. (2d ed., Frei- stadt, 1G47). French translations of it ap- peared in 1712, and at the Hague in 1762. ( IIKMMT/KK. ..r Khrnuiil/rr. Ivan Ivnovltfh, a Russian fabulist, born in St. Petersburg in 1744, died in Smyrna, March 20, 1784. He was of Ger- man descent, begun to study medicine, afterward served in the army, and after spending some time in mining employments accepted the office of consul general in Smyrna, where he fell into a state of melancholy from which he never re- covered. His fables were published anony- mously from 1778 to 1781, and under his name in 1799. Some of them are taken from Gellert and La Fontaine. The best editions are those published in Moscow by Ponomareff in 1836, and in St. Petersburg by Smirdin in 1847. CHEMOSH (Heb. Kemosh), a national god of the Moabites and Ammonites, supposed by Jerome, but without foundation, to be the same as Baal Peor. Gesenius considers him a god of war, deriving his name from Jcamash, to subdue. King Solomon introduced the worship of Che- mosh among the Israelites. He was worshipped, according to tradition, under the symbol of a black star; his worshippers went bareheaded, and used no garments sewn with the needle. His name constantly recurs in the inscription of King Mesha on the lately discovered stela, known as the Moabite stone. (See MOABITE STONE.) < II KMI (.. a S. county of New York, border- ing on Pennsylvania, bounded E. partly by Cay- uta creek, and intersected by Tioga river ; area, 513 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 35,281. The North- ern Central and the Erie railroads traverse the county, and the canal from Elmira to Seneca lake partly intersects it. The surface is un- even, and in some places rises into considerable mountains. The country near the river banks is level and alluvial, and these fiats are in some places extensive and very fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 162,434 bushels of wheat, 215,305 of Indian corn, 480,161 of oats, 1-16,152 of buckwheat, 138,573 of potatoes, 50,066 tons of hay, 1,203,401 Ibs. of butter, 48,983 of wool, 475,905 of tobacco, and 33,933 of honey. There were 5,217 horses, 12,257 milch cows, 7,908 other cattle, 15,257 sheep, and 6,990 swine. There were 26 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 4 of boots and shoes, 1 of forged and rolled iron, 4 of tobacco and cigars, 4 of woollen goods, 17 flour mills, 9 tan- neries, 32 saw mills, 2 manufactories of bricks, 4 of cheese, 1 of rectified petroleum, 2 of drugs and chemicals, 7 of furniture, 1 of hardware, 5 of iron castings, 8 of machinery, and 3 breweries. Capital, Elmira. CHENANGO, a S. E. central county of New York; area, 624 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 40,564. Unadilla river touches its E. boundary; the Chenango and the E. branch of the Susque- hanna intersect it ; and it is drained and sup- plied with water power by several smaller streams. The surface is elevated, and in some places broken and hilly. The soil is good, es- pecially near the rivers. The Chenango canal, traversing the county, connects Binghamton with Utica. The Albany and Susquehanna rail- road passes through the S. E. corner, and the New York and Oswego Midland, and the Dela- ware, Lackawanna, and Utica division of the western railroads traverse the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 19,418 bushels of wheat, 228,921 of Indian corn, 584,429 of oats, 898,045 of potatoes, 183,291 tons of hay, 280,114 Ibs. of cheese, 5,819,814 of butter, 117,546 of wool, 897,570 of maple sugar, and 586,990 of hops. There were 10,389 horses, 51,294 milch cows, 17,168 other cattle, 26,472 sheep, and 9,521 swine. There were 37 manu- factories of carriages and wagons, 87 of cheese, 1 of cotton goods, 14 flour mills, 13 tanneries,