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CIIICKERING CHIGI 421 inal plates and 90 subcaudal scales; it is said to attain a length of 7 ft. It is found from North Carolina southward, and to the Missis- sippi ; it destroys rats, young chickens, and small animals, but its bite is harmless to man ; it is sometimes found on trees. CIIICKERING, Jonas, an American pianoforte manufacturer, born at Mason Village, N. H., April 5, 1798, died in Boston, Dec. 8, 1853. He was put to the trade of a cabinetmaker, but early evinced great fondness for music, and successfully readjusted and tuned an old and disused piano which he found in the town. In 1818 he became a workman in Boston in a pi- anoforte manufactory, and five years later be- gan the business for himself. He extended his resources by a partnership in 1830, but after the death of his partner in 1841 prosecuted the business alone with ample means. His estab- lishment became one of the largest in the coun- try, and he finished annually more than 1,500 instruments, and gave employment to about 500 operatives. His manufactory being burned one year before his death, at a loss of over $200,000, he commenced a new and magnificent building, which was completed by his sons. Mr. Chickering's improvements, which have given the superiority to American pianos, have been generally adopted in this country and Europe. CHICLANi, a town of Spain, in the province and 11 m. S. E. of the city of Cadiz ; pop. about 9,000. It has a number of country residences belonging to the wealthy inhabitants of Cadiz, the workhouse of that city, a hospital, and a theatre. Near the town, on March 5, 1811, the battle of Barosa was fought between the Anglo-Spanish army under Sir Thomas Graham and the French under Victor. CHICOPEE, a town of Hampden co., Mass., on the E. side of the Connecticut, at the mouth of the Chicopee river, 95 m. by rail W. S. W. of Boston ; pop. in 1870, 9,607. It contains the villages of Chicopee or Cabotville and Chico- pee Falls, which are connected by a branch railroad 2 m. long, uniting with the Connecti- cut Kiver railroad at Chicopee. The town was settled about 1640, and formed the northern part of Springfield, and was set off from that city in 1848. The principal establishments are 7 cotton mills, with 114,208 spindles, 1 wool- len mill, 1 manufactory of hollow ware and castings, 1 of locks, 2 of ploughs and other agricultural implements, 2 brass founderies (Ames company), 1 manufactory of military goods, &c., 1 of arms, and 1 brick yard. The chief companies are the Dwight manufacturing company (prints, sheetings, &c.), and the Ames manufacturing company, which makes ma- chinery, bronze cannon, small arms, &c. The bronze doors of the senate wing of the capitol at Washington were cast by this company, as was also Ball's equestrian statue of Washing- ton in the Boston public garden. CHICORY. See CHICCOET. (UK 01', a S. E. county of Arkansas, border- ing on Louisiana, and bounded E. by the Mis- sissippi river; area, 820 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,214, of whom 5,393 were colored. It is in- tersected by Crooked and Mason bayous. The surface is level and in some places subject to inundation. The soil in several parts is very fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 85,4(52 bushels of Indian corn, 5,092 of sweet potatoes, and 10,187 bales of cotton. There were 449 horses, 988 mules and asses, 1,005 milch cows, 2,073 other cattle, and 2,529 swine. Capital, Lake Village. m KOI II Ml, a N. county of the province of Quebec, Canada, intersected by the Saguenay, and containing besides the parishes a large un- organized territory ; area, 23,759 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 17,493, of whom 16,643 were of French origin, and 17,393 Roman Catholics. Much of the surface is rugged and uneven, though recent explorations give a better im- pression of its agricultural capabilities. The pine forests, which are of immense extent and great value, have been partially worked for several years. Vessels are freighted with tim- ber for England at the town of Chicoutimi, the capital of the county, 75 m. up the Saguenay. CHICSOI. See USTTMASINTA. CHIERI, a town of Italy, in the province and 9 m. S. E. of the city of Turin ; pop. about 16,000. It has a gymnasium, a polytechnic school, and a collegiate church, which is be- lieved to have originally been a temple of Mi- nerva, with many beautiful paintings. CHIETI, a province of Italy. See ABEUZZO CITEBIOKE. CHIETI (anc. Teate Harrucinorum), a forti- fied city of Italy, capital of the province of Chieti or Abruzzo Citeriore, Italy, built on a hill, in the midst of a pleasant country near the Pescara, 96 m. E. N. E. of Rome; pop. in 1872, 23,602. It is the seat of an archbishop- ric, a high court of justiciary, a civil court, and of many wealthy families. The city contains five churches, a military hospital, a college and a religious seminary, several monasteries, wool and silk manufactories, and carries on a trade in the produce of the country. There are remains of a large theatre, some ruined temples, a gate- way, and a mosaic pavement. The ancient Teate was the capital of the tribe of the Mar- rucini, and was one of the principal towns of this part of Italy. It joined the Samnite league, after the fall of which it was held suc- cessively by the Romans, Goths, Lombards, Franks, and Northmen. The order of Theatines or Chietines took its name from this place, its founder, Paul IV., having been archbishop of Chieti. It was taken by the French in 1802. CHIGI, a family of Roman prelates and princes, who are hereditary marshals of the conclave. They originally came from Siena, where the Chigi-Zondadavi branch still exists. FABIO (1599-1667) became pope under the name of Alexander VII. and vastly increased the wealth and influence of his relatives, the magnificent Ghigi palace and the extensive Chigi library in Rome still perpetuating the