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HFTTEK it ex offieio as lieutenant governor ; but both the house and council resisted his pretension, and he abandoned it. The legislature was inclined to restore him to the council in 1708, until it was announced by his opponent James Otis that he received an annual pension of 200 from the crown. When in 1769 Gov. Bernard was transferred to Virginia, the gov- ernment of Massachusetts fell to Hutchinson. The popular excitement had already been in- creased by the arrival of British troops, and after the Boston massacre a committee of citi- zens, headed by Samuel Adams, forced him to consent to the removal of the regiments. He received his commission as governor in 1771, and his whole administration was characterized by duplicity and avarice. In 1772 Benjamin Franklin, then in London, procured some of the confidentfal letters of Hutchinson and his brother-in-law Andrew Oliver ; these were forwarded to Massachusetts, and proved that he had been for years opposing every part of the colonial constitution, and urging measures to enforce the supremacy of parliament ; and the result was a petition to the king from the assembly and the council praying for his re- moval from the government. The last of his public difficulties was when the people of Bos- ton and the neighboring towns determined to resist the taxation on teas consigned by the East India company, two of the consignees being sons of Gov. Hutchinson. The popular com- mittees were resolved that the tea should not be landed, but should be reshipped to Lon- don. A meeting of several thousand men, held in Boston Dec. 18, 1773, demanded the return of the ships, but the governor refused a pass. On that evening a number of men disguised as Indians repaired to the wharf, and emptied 342 chests of tea, the whole quantity that had been imported, into the hay. In the following February the governor sent a message to the legislature that he had obtained his majesty's leave to return to England, and he sailed on June 1. The privy council investigated his official acts, and decided in favor of " his honor, integrity, and conduct." He was re- warded with a pension. He published the fol- lowing works: "The History of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, from the First Settle- ment thereof in 1628 until the Year 1750 " (2 vols., London, 1765-'7) ; " A Brief State of the Claim of the Colonies" (1764); and a " Collection of Original Papers relative to the History of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay " (1709). From his manuscripts a history of Massachusetts from 1749 to 1774 was prepared by his grandson, the Rev. John H. Hutchin- son, of Trentham, England (1828). HUTTEN, UlrUh on, a German scholar and reformer, born in the castle of Steckelberg, near Fulda, April 20 or 22, 1488, died in Switz- erland, Aug. 29, 1523. When 11 years old he was placed in the monastery of Fulda, that he might there become a monk ; but at 15 he ran away from the cloister to the university of Erfurt, where he was supported by his friends and relatives. A disease then new to Europe raged in many places, and when it appeared in the summer of 1505 in Erfurt both students and teachers took to flight. Hutten went to Cologne, where he studied the writings of Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus. This city was the stronghold of the old system, led by Ortwein, Hoogstraten, Tungern, Pfeff'erkorn, and all who were then termed Dunkelmanner or "Obscurants." Here, in the headquarters of monkish peculiarities, Hutten collected ma- terials for the sketches of the Epistolw Obseu- roruin Virorum. Even in Cologne, however, the new spirit of classic study had found a home under the care of Johannes lihagius, who endeavored to form a taste for the works of classical antiquity and what was then termed poetry, a word limited by the Obscurants to pure and ancient Greek and Latin metrical composition. Hutten became his friend and pupil, and, when he was driven away under the accusation of corrupting youth and theol- ogy, followed him to Frankfort-on-the-Oder, where a new university was opened in 1506. At the inauguration Hutten published his first poem, Carmen in Laudem Marchia, in praise of the mark of Brandenburg. Here he re- ceived the degree of M. A., and remained till 1508. The disease which had driven him from Erfurt again seized on him, and he sought health in travel. In northern Germany he was everywhere warmly received, but was wrecked on the Baltic and reduced to great poverty. In this condition he went to the university of Greifswald, and was kindly provided with clothing and hospitably entertained by the burgomaster Wedeg Lotz, and by his son, a professor in the university. An unexplained change in their treatment of him compelled him to leave the town ; and on the way, late in December, he was set upon by their ser- vants, lying in wait for him, beaten, stripped of the garments furnished him, and robbed of all his money and papers. In this condi- tion, diseased and wounded, he came to Ros- tock, where he wrote a famous satire on Lotz (Klagen gegen Lotz), calling on all the schol- ars of the new school in Germany to avenge him. In Rostock he lectured on the classics, established intimate relations with the profes- sors, and worked for the interests of the clas- sic school. In 1511 he went to Wittenberg, where he published his Ars Versificatoria, re- garded in its day as a masterpiece. Thence he wandered through Bohemia and Moravia to Vienna, where for a time he appears to have been prosperous and courted. Finally arriving at Pavia in April, 1512, Hutten resolved to study law. But three months later the city was besieged by the emperor Maximilian, and Hutten, who had taken part in the contest, be- lieved himself in danger of death, and wrote his famous epitaph. Plundered of all he pos- sessed, he fled to Bologna. Here his disease broke out again, and, repulsed by every one,