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198 IMPIIEE INDEPENDENCE summoning the accused then issues from the senate, and is served by its sergeant-at-arms ; and on the day therein appointed, the senate resolves itself into a court of impeachment, all the senators being sworn to do justice ac- cording to the constitution and the laws. The person thus impeached is then called upon to appear and answer. If he makes default, the senate proceeds ex parte. If he appears and denies the charges, ^and puts himself on trial (and he may appear by attorney), an issue is formed, and a time is appointed for the trial, which thereafter proceeds according to law and usage, and much in the same way as in common judicial trials. If any questions arise among the senators, who now act as judges, they are considered with closed doors, and are decided by yeas and nays, and only the decision is made public. Art. i., sec. 2, of the consti- tution of the United States, provides that no person shall be convicted without the concur- rence of two thirds of the members. The most noted cases of impeachment in the United States are those of Judge Samuel Chase, of the federal supreme court (1804), and President Andrew Johnson (1868). IMPIIEE. See SORGHUM. lYK'lll S, a mythical king, represented as the first ruler and priest of Argos, which, as well as the river Inachus, was often called after him. When Neptune and Juno contended for the possession of that country, he decided in favor of the latter, and thus incurred the anger of Neptune, who caused a dearth of water in his dominions. Several attempts have been made, even by the ancients, to explain the stories about Inachus; and it is considered probable that he was the leader of an Egyptian or Libyan colony which came across the sea and united with the Pelasgians. INCAS. See PERU, and QUICHUAB. INCENSE. See FRANKINCENSE. INCEST, carnal commerce between a man and woman who are related to each other in any of the degrees within which marriage is prohibited by law. It rests with positive law to determine these degrees ; for although mar- riages between those nearly related are clearly opposed to the law of nature, yet it is difficult to fix the point at which they cease to be so. With rare exceptions all civilized communities have agreed in regarding marriage between brother and sister and between those lineally related as unnatural and offensive ; but beyond this point the invalidity must depend upon positive statutes. The fact that one of the parties is illegitimate is immaterial, as it is the nearness in blood that is regarded, and the re- pulsive nature of the relation is not diminish- ed by the circumstance that the relationship comes through unlawful intercourse. Incest is a criminal offence in all civilized countries, and in England and the United States is pun- ished as a felony. INCHBALD, Elizabeth, an English dramatist, born at Standingfield, near Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, Oct. 15, 1753, died in Kensington, Aug. 1, 1821. She was the daughter of a far- mer named Simpson, who died when she was in her 18th year. She then sought an engage- ment at the London theatres, but without suc- cess. Recounting her troubles to Mr. Inchbald, a comedian of Drury Lane, much her senior, he married her, instructed her in the art, and performed with her for several seasons at Lon- don, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and elsewhere. He died in 1779, and she played successfully at Covent Garden from 1780 to 1789, when she retired from the boards and devoted herself to literature. In this new pursuit she was equally successful. She wrote 19 plays, and edited the "British Theatre," a collection of plays (47 vols., London, 1808-'15). A few of her own pieces, as "The Wedding Day" and "Wives as They Are," still hold their place on the English stage. Her novels, " A Simple Story " and "Nature and Art," once enjoyed even a higher popularity than her dramatic writings, and are still admired. She wrote an autobiog- raphy, which she caused to be destroyed. The "Memoirs of Mrs. Inchbald," by Boaden (2 vols. 8vo, London, 1833), was compiled from her journal, covering a period of 50 years. INCLEDON, Benjamin Charles, an English sing- er, born, at St. Keverne, Cornwall, in 1764, died in Worcester, Feb. 11, 1826. He acquired his earliest musical education in the choir of Exeter cathedral, and made his debut in Lon- don in 1790 in "The Poor Gentleman," with great success, and for 25 'years remained un- rivalled as a ballad singer. His voice was a fine tenor, and his favorite part upon the stage was Macheath. In 1817 he made a musical tour in the United States, but his voice was begin- ning to yield to age and irregular living, and the enterprise was not very successful. INCUNABULA (Lat., cradle), in bibliography, books printed prior to about 1500, of which there are estimated to be about 15,000. The fullest account of them is found in Ludwig Hain's Repertorium Bibliographicum, in quo Libri omnes ab Arte Typographica innenta, usque ad Annum MD Typis efpremi Ordine Alphabetico recensentur (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1826-'38). For French incunabula see G. Bru- nei's La France litteraire au XV' siecle (Pa- ris, 1865). INDEPENDENCE, a N. county of Arkansas, bounded E. by Black river, and traversed from N. W. to S. E. by White river ; area, 1,050 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 14,566, of whom 908 were colored. It has a very uneven surface, well wooded with pine and other timber. The soil is fertile. Black marble is found here. The chief productions in 1870 were 38,653 bushels of wheat, 508,005 of Indian corn, 30,820 of oats, 17,574 of Irish potatoes, 21,483 of sweet potatoes, 21,336 Ibs. of tobacco, 139,225 of butter, and 5,613 bales of cotton. There were 3,370 horses, 4,059 milch cows, 1,496 working oxen, 5,677 other cattle, 5,387 sheep, 22,787 swine, and 8 flour mills. Capital, Batesville.