Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/31

HOWITZER HUACA several books in common, the first being " The Forest Minstrel and other Poems" (1823). In 1840 he went to Heidelberg for the education of his children. In 1847 he established " How- itt's Journal," winch was published only a short time. In 1852-'4 he was engaged in gold mining in Australia. His principal works are: "Book of the Seasons" (1831); "Popu- lar History of Priestcraft" (1834); "Rural Life of England" (1837) ; "Colonization and Christianity" (1838); "Boy's Country Book " (1839) ; " Visits to Remarkable Places " (1839) ; "Student Life of Germany" (1841); "Rural and Domestic Life of Germany" (1842); " Jack of the Mill " (1844) ; " The Aristocracy of England " (1846) ; " Homes and Haunts of the British Poets" (1847); "The Year Book of the Country" (1847); "The Hall and the Hamlet" (1847); "Stories of English Life" (1853); "Natural History of Magic " (1854); Land, Labor, and Gold" (1855); "The Man of the People" (1860); "Illustrated History of England" (1861); "The Ruined Castles and Abbeys of Great Britain" (1861); "History of the Supernatural in all Ages and Nations " (1863); "Discoveries in Australia" (1865); and " The Mad War Planet, and Other Poems " (1871). II. Mary Botham, an English authoress, wife of the preceding, born at Uttoxeter about 1804. She is joint author with her husband of several of the books above mentioned. Among her numerous separate publications are the novels " Wood Leighton " (1836) and "The Heir of Wast Wayland" (1851). She has written many volumes, in prose and verse, designed for the young, and has made numer- ous translations from the Swedish of Fre- drika Bremer, the Danish of Andersen, and the German of various authors. Her later works are: "Biographical Sketches of the Queens of England" (1862); "The Cost of Caergwyn " (1864) ; " Birds and their Nests " (1871); and "A Pleasant Life" (1871). AN- NA MART, daughter of the preceding, married in 1859 to Mr. A. A. Watte, has published "An Art Student in Munich" (1853), and "The School of Life" (1857). Her sister MABGABET has published " Twelve Months with Fredrika Bremer in Sweden" (2 vols., 1866). HOWITZER. See AEXILLEEY, vol. i., p. 786. HOWSOJf, John Sanl, an English clergyman, born in 1816. He graduated at Trinity col- lege, Cambridge, a double first, in 1837, and in each of the next three years obtained a prize for an essay. In 1845 he took orders and became senior classical master in Liver- pool college, of which he was principal from ]R49 to 1865. In 1866 he was made vicar of Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire, and in 1867 dean of Chester. He has made numerous con- tributions to Biblical literature, his principal publication being "The Life and Epistles of St. Paul" (2 vols. 4to, 1850-'52), which he wrote conjointly with the Rev. W. J. Cony- beare, furnishing the historical, geographical, and descriptive matter. He has also published "The Character of St. Paul" (18C4) and "Metaphors of St. Paul" (1868). HOWTH, Hill of, a peninsula of Ireland, county Dublin, forming the N. boundary of Dublin bay. It is a rocky and picturesque elevation, rising to the height of 563 ft., 3 m. long and 2 m. broad, having at its extremity a lighthouse. Howth gives the title of earl to the family of St. Lawrence, the descendants of its Anglo- Norman conquerors. A harbor of 52 acres has been formed at Howth, costing 500,000. HOXTER, a town of Prussia, in the province of Westphalia, on the Weser, crossed here by a stone bridge, 28 m. E. N. E. of Paderborn ; pop. in 1871, 5,041. It is a thriving manufacturing and commercial place, and paper, cotton goods, and linen are made. Hoxter was formerly the capital of the ecclesiastical principality of Korvei, and belonged to the Hanseatic league. It abounds with reminiscences of the battles of Charlemagne against the Saxons, and the watch tower on the neighboring Brunsberg is according to some traditions the relic of a for- midable Saxon fortress built by Bruno, brother of Wittikind. The town endured many mili- tary vicissitudes during the 17th century. HIM I.K. Edmund, an English writer on games, born in 1672, died- in 1769. So generally is his principal work accepted as authority in card playing, that "according to Hoyle " has become a proverb. There have been many editions of his book, among which are " Hoyle's Games, Improved and Enlarged by G. H." (London, 1853); " Hoyle's Games made Famil- iar" (London, 1855); and "Hoyle's Games, containing the Rules for playing Fashionable Games" (Philadelphia, 1859). III! II! VM s MAURIS. See RABANUS. Ill A< A. a Peruvian word, signifying some- thing sacred, applied particularly to sepulchral mounds. Among the Peruvians all persons remarkable for their inventions, or for having in any way ameliorated the condition of mankind, were the recipients of a kind of hero worship. Few had temples, their shrines being generally their tombs, called huacas. The Peruvians made sacrifices to the huacas, which were sup- posed to respond to petitions and questions supported by appropriate offerings made in a proper spirit. The inner chambers of these oracular tombs were sometimes inhabited by priests; and generally they seem to have been devices whereby an inferior class of priests ob- tained their support. Some were of great ex- tent, and erected over the remains of the in- cas, who were entitled to divine honors after death, and over the chiefs of provinces. In ac- cordance with an invariable custom, the wealth of these high personages was buried with them. The violation of their tombs was com- menced soon after the conquest, and from some of them vast treasures were taken. A single huaca among the ruins of Chimu, near the port of Trujillo in Pern, opened in 1563 by Garcia Gutierrez, afforded so large a treasure of gold and silver, that he paid 85,547 castellanos of