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340 IOWA gian institution of the kind in the country, was established by tbe Norwegian Evangelical Lu- theran synod of Iowa and adjacent states, and is under the direction of that body. It is sup- ported by voluntary contributions, and affords instruction free to all students. The plan of the Iowa Wesleyan university embraces a de- partment of the liberal arts, comprising classi- cal, scientific, normal, and preparatory courses ; a department of technology, including courses in fine art and industrial art ; and departments of theology, law, and medicine. Both sexes are admitted. Instruction in theology is afford- ed by the Wartburg seminary (Lutheran) at Oasstown, the Swedish Lutheran mission insti- tute at Keokuk, the German theological school of the Northwest (Presbyterian) at Dubuque, and the theological department of the Wesleyan university (Methodist Episcopal) at Mt. Pleas- ant, with courses in English and German; in law, by the law departments of the state and the Wesleyan university; in medicine, by the medical department of the state university, the department of pharmacy in the Wesleyan uni- versity, and the college of physicians and sur- geons established in Keokuk in 1849, which had 10 instructors and 142 pupils in 1873 ; and in science, by the state agricultural college. Ac- cording to the census of 1870, there were in Iowa 233 newspapers and periodicals, having an aggregate circulation of 219,090, and issu- ing 16,403,380 copies annually. There were 22 daily, with a circulation of 19,800 ; 3 tri- weekly, 1,650; 1 semi-weekly, 1,000; 196 week- ly, 187,840 ; 3 semi-monthly, 3,400 ; 6 month- ly, 8,950; 2 bi-monthly, 750; 1 quarterly, 700. The state census of 1873 returned as published in Iowa 22 daily newspapers, 2 tri- weekly, 6 semi-weekly, 272 weekly, 2 semi-monthly, 19 monthly, and 1 bi-monthly. The total num- ber of libraries in 1870 was 3,540, containing 673,000 volumes. Of these, 2,387 with 295,- 749 volumes were private, and 1,153 with 877,851 volumes were other than private, in- cluding 1 state, with 11,000 volumes; 23 town, city, &c., with 22,808; 11 court and law, with 944; 15 school, college, &c., with 18,747; 999 Sunday school, with 278,251 ; 85 church, with 25,584 ; and 18 circulating libraries, with 20,367 volumes. The chief libraries are the state library in Des Moines, which in 1874 had 12,000 volumes, exclusive of 4,000 duplicates; the Keokuk library association, 7,000 ; state his- torical society, Iowa City, 3,300 ; public libra- ry of Burlington, 6,398 ; and Jefferson county library association, Fairfield, 3,480. The state historical society at Iowa City is partly sup- ported and controlled by the state. A chief object is the collection and preservation of historical works, manuscripts, relics, &c., per- taining to the history of the state. In 1870 the state contained 2,763 religious organiza- tions, having 1,446 edifices with 431,709 sit- tings, and property valued at $5,730,352. The various denominations were represented as follows : DENOMINATIONS. ll o S Kdi- ticu. Sittingi. Property. 807 147 44340 $622 700 45 18 6350 46200 Christian 118 48 15' 750 187 125 83^25 529 570 58 86 9 584 192 862 82 11 2400 22800 Friends 82 60 17 075 125 SOO 5 ] 150 1 900 79 45 12285 113950 Methodist 982 492 142 (155 1 490 220 Moravian (Unitas Fratrum) . . . Mormon 5 6 8 1 800 200 9,000 600 Presbyterian, regular 270 156 44265 784.225 105 66 20625 228.100 Reformed church in America (late Dutch Reformed) Reformed church in the United States (late German Eefor'd). 4 13 216 4 13 16S 1,500 8,960 57280 25,000 46,000 1 216150 Second Advent 28 10 2,951) 18,050 Unitarian 8 2 715 19000 United Brethren in Christ 188 85 28 15 10,445 4465 69,250 99,525 Total . . . 2768 1446 481.709 i5. 730.852 Iowa derives its name (said to mean in the language of the Indians " the beautiful land ") from the river so called, and was originally a part of the vast territories included in Louisi- ana, ceded to the United States in 1803. The first settlement of whites within the present limits of the state was made by Julien Du- buque, a Canadian Frenchman, who in 1788 obtained a grant of a large tract, including the present city of Dubuque and the rich mineral lands in its vicinity. Here he built a small fort, and carried on the mining of lead and trade with the Indians until his death in 1810. In 1834 the territory now included in Iowa was placed under the jurisdiction of Michigan, and in 1836 under that of Wisconsin. No steps were taken toward its further settlement till the spring of 1833, when several companies of Americans from Illinois and other states set- tled in the vicinity of Burlington; and at a later period settlements were made at other points along the Mississippi. On June 12, 1838, Iowa was erected into a separate terri- tory ; and on July 4 ensuing the new govern- ment was formally installed at Burlington. Under its territorial organization Iowa in- cluded all the country N. of Missouri, between the Mississippi and the Missouri and to the British line, and consequently the greater part of the present state of Minnesota and the whole of Dakota territory, with an area of 194,603 sq. m. In 1839 the government removed to Iowa City. In 1844 a state constitution was formed, and a petition sent to congress for ad- mission to the Union. This was not granted, on account of the constitutional limits assumed ; and by an act of March 3, 1845, congress de- fined the boundaries that would be acceptable. The next year the proposed boundaries were approved by a convention assembled for the purpose; and on Dec. 28, 1846, Iowa was ad- mitted into the Union. The capital was re- moved to Des Moines in 1857. On Jan. 24,