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JANINA 525 lignac cabinet in August, 1829. A few weeks later he became a regular contributor to the Journal des Debatt; and after writing polit- ical and miscellaneous articles, he took charge of the theatrical notices. His articles were less criticisms than short essays, written in a col- loquial and gossiping style. Besides numerous prefaces, introductions, and articles in nearly every Parisian periodical which existed du- ring his career, Janin published several nov- els, the first of which was ISAne mart et la femme guillotinee (1829). Among his subse- quent writings of the same class are La confes- sion (1830), Barnave (1831), Le chemin de tra- verse (1836), Un cceurpour deux amours (1837), La reiigieuse de Toulouse (1850), and Lesgaltes ehampetres (1851). He prepared an abridg- ment of Richardson's " Clarissa Harlowe," with an Essai ur la vie et lea outrages de Samuel Richardson (1846). Among his miscellaneous works, exclusive of several illustrated publica- tions to which he did little more than lend his name, are : Gontes fantastiquei et conies litte- raires (1832) ; Contes nouveaux (1833) ; Les catacombes (1839) ; Le voyage d'un homme Jieureux (1840) ; Les petits bonheurs (1856) ; Les symphonies de Vkiver (1857), with draw- ings by Gavarni ; and Rachel et la tragedie, a biographical and critical work, with photo- graphic illustrations (1859). His Histoire de la litterature dramatique en France (4 vols., 1851-'6) is a selection of his weekly feuilletons, remodelled so as to present a sketch of the his- tory of the French stage and dramatic artists during nearly a quarter of a century. In 1870 he succeeded Sainte-Beuve in the French acad- emy. His latest work was Paris et Versailles ily a cent ans (1874). JAMXA, or Yanina, a city of Albania, Euro- pean Turkey, capital of a vilayet of the same Janina. name (pop. 400,000, chiefly Greeks), on a small peninsula on the bank of the lake of Janina, 85 m. W. by N. of Larissa; pop. about 16,000, of whom 9,500 are Christians, 4,000 Mussul- mans, and 2,500 Jews. The population has decreaied about 10,000 since 1861, chiefly in consequence of emigration and military con- scription. The streets are narrow and crooked, and most of the houses are poor. It is the seat of a Greek metropolitan, and contains 7 churches, 18 mosques, 2 synagogues, a Greek college, a library, and a hospital. Among the manufactures are gold lace and brocade, moroc- co leather, colored linen, and silk goods. The adjoining country yields grain, fruits, wine, to- bacco, and timber in abundance, and is rich in pasture lands, sheep and goats constituting a principal source of wealth. The site of Janina and its lake answers to that of the city and lake of Euroea in Epirus mentioned by Procopius. Justinian built a fortress at Euroea, probably on the site now occupied by the citadel of Janina. In the later period of the Byzantine empire its territory was a field of contention between the Greeks and Wallach and Slavic settlers. In the latter part of the llth century it was taken by the Normans, who defeated Alexis Comnenus under its walls. Toward the middle of the 15th century it fell into the hands of the Turks. At the beginning of the present century Janina enjoyed a high degree of prosperity, number- ing about 40,000 inhabitants, possessing an ex- tensive trade and a large annual fair, and rank- ing among the most accomplished and indus- trious of modern Greeks. But the despotic rule of Ali Pasha, governor of the city, led to