Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/59

HUMMING BIRD HUMPHREYS 51 tipped with white, and the general color above metallic green. A second species of the last two genera is described by Prof. Baird in vol. ix. of the Pacific railroad reports. The curved- hilled humming birds, more than 100 species, are not represented in the United States, un- less the mango humming bird (lampornis man- go, Swains.) be admitted ; this may be distin- guished from the common species by the ab- sence of metallic scale-like feathers on the throat, and by the serrations of the end of the bill ; the prevailing colors are metallic green and golden above, and velvety bluish black be- low, with a tuft of downy white feathers under the wings. The common species throughout the eastern states, extending to the high cen- tral plains, and south to Brazil, is the ruby- throated humming bird (trochilus coliibris, Linn.). The length of this "glittering frag- ment of the rainbow " (as Audubon calls it) is about 3J in. with an extent of wings of 4i Baby-throated Humming Bird (Trocbilua colubris). in. ; the upper parts are uniform metallic green, with a ruby red gorget in the male, a white collar on the throat, and the deeply forked tail brownish violet ; the female has not the red throat, and the tail is rounded, emarginate, and banded with black. The corresponding spe- cies on the Pacific coast is the black-chinned T. Alexandri (Bourc. and Mulsant). The last two belong to the subfamily of troehilinas or melluuyina, having straight bills ; their genus is given by Gray as mellisuga (Briss.), of which there are more than 100 species. The largest of the humming birds belongs to this subfam- ily, and is the hylncJiaris gigat (Vieill.); it is nearly 8 in. long, brownish green above and light reddish below ; the wings are longer than the deeply forked tail, and the general appear- ance is that of a brilliant swallow, with a long straight bill. Those wishing to study in detail the complicated arrangement of this beauti- ful family are referred to the illustrated works of Lesson, Temminck, Audobert, and Vieillot, and especially to Gould's monograph on the trocliilidce ; also to vote. xiv. and xv. of the "Naturalists' Library." HUMPHREY, Heman, an American clergyman, born in Simsbury, Conn., March 26, 1779, died in Pittsfield, Mass., April 3, 1861. From the age of 16 he was engaged for several succes- sive winters as a teacher in common schools. He graduated at Yale college in 1805, studied theology, and was pastor of the Congregational church in Fairfield, Conn., from 1807 to 1817, and in Pittsfield, Mass., from 1817 to Octo- ber, 1823, when he became president of Am- herst college, then unincorporated. Principally through his influence it obtained an act of in- corporation the next year, and he presided over it till 1845, when he resigned, and devoted himself to literary pursuits, residing in Hat- field, Mass., and afterward in Pittsfield. He was one of the earliest advocates of the tem- perance cause. In 1810 he preached six ser- mons on intemperance, and in 1813 drew up a report to the Fairfield consociation which is believed to have been the earliest tract on the subject. Among his writings are : a prize essay on "The Sabbath" (1830); "Tour in France, Great Britain, and Belgium " (2 vols. 12mo, New York, 1838); "Domestic Educa- tion " (1840) ; " Letters to a Son in the Minis- try " (Amherst, 1845) ; " Life and Writings of N. W. Fiske" (1850); " Life and Writings of T. H. Gallaudet" (1857); "Sketches of the History of Revivals" (1859); and "Revival Sketches" (1860). A volume entitled "Me- morial Sketches of Heman and Sophia Hum- phrey," by Z..M. Humphrey and Henry Neill, was printed for the use of the family. HUMPHREYS, a N. W. county of Tennessee, bounded E. by Tennessee river, and intersected near its S. border by Duck river, a tributary of the former stream ; area, 375 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,326, of whom 1,295 were colored. The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil is fertile. The Nashville and Northwestern railroad passes through it. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 27,783 bushels of wheat, 491,355 of Indian corn, 29,967 of oats, 62,766 of peas and beans, 18,502 of Irish and 17,829 of sweet potatoes, 113,177 Ibs. of tobacco, and 107 bales of cotton. There were 1,971 horses, 914 mules and asses, 2,355 milch cows, 4,488 other cattle, 8,937 sheep, and 18,418 swine; 1 manufactory of woollen goods, 1 of ground bark, 2 saw mills, 6 tanneries, and 6 currying establishments. Capital, Waverley. HUMPHREYS, Andrew Atkinson, an American soldier, bora in Pennsylvania about 1812. He graduated at West Point in 1831, and served mainly in topographical duty till 1836, when he resigned his commission in the army, and became a civil engineer in the United States service. In 1838 he was reappointed in the army, serving generally in the topographical department, and from 1844 to 1849 hnd charge of the coast survey office at Washington. In 1849-'50 he was engaged in making topographic