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JOINVILLE 673 entered the naval school at Brest. His birth secured him rapid promotion. In 1838, when Admiral Baudin was sent against Mexico, he had reached the rank of post captain, and distin- guished himself during the bombardment of the castle of San Juan de Ulua. A few days later, at the head of a detachment of sailors, he landed near Vera Cruz, broke in the gate of the city, passed through the streets amid brisk discharges of musketry, and with his own hand took Gen. Arista prisoner. He was rewarded by the cross of the legion of honor, and promotion to the rank of full captain. In 1840 he was sent to St. Helena, with two frigates, the Belle Poule and Favorite, to receive the remains of Na- poleon I., which were transported to France. After a visit to the United States and a cruise along the coast of Africa, he repaired to Rio de Janeiro, which he had already visited, and there, May 1, 1843, married the princess Fran- cesca of Braganca, the sister of Dom Pedro II. In the same year he was appointed rear admi- ral, and became a member of the admiralty board ; he participated in the deliberations of the committee for the organization of a steam navy, insisting upon the necessity of taking ac- tive measures toward this end. In 1844 he was placed in command of the French fleet cruising along the coast of Morocco, and while Marshal Bugeaud was invading that empire by land, he bombarded Tangier, Aug. 6, and Moga- dore, Aug. 15, taking possession of the island and harbor, and obliged the Moors to come to terms. The prince, who entertained liberal opinions, had more than once warned his fa- ther of the dangers attending his retrograde policy ; but his voice had been powerless. On the breaking out of the revolution of 1848 he was in Algeria ; he resigned his command to republican officers, sailed for England, and joined his exiled family at Claremont. When the constituent assembly discussed the decree of banishment against the Orleans family, he sent in a protest couched in most dignified terms. He lived for some years in retirement, keeping aloof from all political intrigues, and devoting his leisure hours to the education of his children and the colonization of his vast possessions in Brazil. The domain in France which he inherited from his aunt Adelaide was confiscated by Louis Napoleon in 1852. Short- ly after the breaking out of the civil war in America he, with his nephews, the count de Paris and the duke de Chartres, joined the staff of Gen. McClellan, and took an active part in the Chickahominy campaign, returning to Eng- land in 1862. At the news of the first defeats of the French in the war of 1870 he offered his services to Napoleon, who declined to accept them. Considering the decree of his exile made void by the downfall of the empire, he went with his brother the duke d'Aumale and the duke de Chartres to Paris. The govern- ment of national defence ordered their imme- diate departure, but the prince succeeded in participating in the campaign of the army of the Loire under cover of his American pseu- donyme of "Colonel Lutherod." Gambetta, who was then minister of war, ordered his ar- rest, and he was escorted by the police on board of a vessel to take him back to England, Jan. 18, 1871. Two departments, La Manche and Haute- Marne, elected him in the following month to a seat in the national assembly. He decided to represent the latter, but the assembly re- served its decision on the validity of his elec- tion. After the repeal of the laws of expatri- ation against the former sovereign families of France, and the declaration of the validity of the election of the princes, Joinville resigned his seat at the instance of Thiers. But, con- trary to their promise, he and the duke d'Au- male appeared in the national assembly, Dec. 19. In letters addressed to the electors they explained their reasons for this step, and by an almost unanimous vote the assembly declared that the promises given were an entirely pri- vate affair in which it was not concerned. He has contributed anonymously to the Revue des Deux Mondei many articles, several of which have been reprinted in pamphlet form. Among these are : Note sur I'etat des forces navales de la France (1844); fitude fur Vescadre de la Mediteranee (1852) ; Laguerrede Chine (1857); La guerre d'Amerique, campagne du Potomac (1863); and a comparative view of the fleets of the United States and of France (1865). To him also has been attributed an article on the battle of Sadowa (1868). JOINVILLE, Jean, sire de, a French chron- icler, born in the chateau of Joinville, Cham- pagne, about 1224, died about 1319. He was of an illustrious family, and early became sen- eschal to Thibaut IV., king of Navarre. In 1248 he joined the crusade of Louis IX. with 700 men-at-arms, and a strong friendship sprang up between them. He fought bravely, was taken prisoner and liberated with the king, spent four years with him in Palestine, returning to France in 1254, and afterward remained his intimate friend and counsellor. But when, in 1270, Louis summoned his bar- ons to another crusade, Joinville declined to go, in consequence of an ominous dream, though he excused himself on the ground of duty to his people. He bore witness to the king's virtues during the inquest preparatory to canonization, and he gladly assented when Queen Jeanne of Navarre requested him to write the deeds and good sayings of her hus- band's grandfather. To this request we owe his Memoires, which are invaluable as a chron- icle, and unrivalled in point of simplicity and grace. They were completed about 1309, and first printed by Marnef brothers (4to, Poitiers, 1647). The best editions are those of Du Cange (1668), Capperonnier (1761), and F. Michel (Didot, Paris, 1858). Capperonnier's was reprinted in 1840, with annotations, in the Becueil des historiem de France, vol. xx. An edition from a newly discovered manuscript, rendered into modern French by Natalie de