Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/703

JOONPOOR JORDAN 683 is a canopy of silver in the shape of an um- brella. The most important manufactures are those of ivory and hardware. It was founded in 1459 as the capital of Marwar, in place of Mandor, the ruins of which are 5 m. N. JOONPOOR, or Jauupoor, a town of India, cap- ital of a district of the Northwestern Prov- inces, on the Goomtee, 36 m. N. W. of Be- nares ; pop. about 16,000. The river, which is navigable here, divides the town into two une- qual parts, and its bridge is one of the finest and strongest in India. The fort on the bank of the river, with a highly ornamental gate- way, is half a mile in circuit, and is used as a prison. The castle and mosques were renown- ed in former times for their splendor, and the town and its vicinity abound in ruins of mag- nificent buildings. The principal mosque, though dilapidated, is an imposing edifice with colonnades and lofty domes. The population was formerly much more considerable in the town as well as in the district, in which latter it has declined from over 1,100,000 to about 800,000. Joonpoor is renowned for its sugar. JOPPA. See JAFFA. JORDAENS, Jacob, a Flemish painter, born in Antwerp in 1594, died there in 1678. He studied in the school of Adam van Oort, whose daughter he married. Rubens, whom he imi- tated, intrusted him with the execution on a large scale of many of his small sketches. He excelled in the representation of bacchanalian subjects and scenes of festive riot. Of these, the pictures of the " Satyr and the Man blow- ing hot and cold," and " Pan and Syrinx," are well known specimens. He was an industri- ous painter, designing and executing with great facility, and in the course of his long life finished an immense number of works. JORDAN (Heb. ha-Yarden, the descender, now called by the Arabians of Palestine esh- Sheriah, or Sheriat el-Kebir, the great water- ing place), the only large river in Palestine, and one of the few perennial streams in that country. Its sources are on the southern de- clivities of the Libanus and Anti-Libanus. The highest rises in the S. part of Mt. Her- mon, near the village of Hasbeiya, 1,700 ft. above the level of the sea, formed by about 20 springs which bubble up within a small circuit and form a pool 15 ft. deep. The uni- ted waters, under the name of the Hasbany, flow W. and then S., receiving small tributa- ries on either side till the river enters the marshy plain of Huleh, where it is joined by the united streams of the Leddan, Dan, or Daphne, and the Banias, the two larger and principal sources of the Jordan. The former of these streams, one of the largest single sources in the world, originates in.a large pool, 12 m. below the source of the Hasbany, at the southern prolongation of Hermon, about 650 ft. above the sea ; and 4 m. E. of it rises the other, near Banias, about 1,150 ft. above the sea level. Struggling through the morass, which is thickly overgrown with papyrus, the Jordan enters Lake Merom, now called Huleh, also El Mallaha and Bahr Banias or Bahr Khait, 150 ft. above the sea. On leaving the lake the riv- er is sluggish and turbid, but is soon purified, and becomes a torrent rushing between small islands and rocks thickly set with oleanders. Source of the Jordan. About 2 m. below the lake is the so-called Ja- cob's bridge, where Jacob on his return from Mesopotamia is said to have crossed ; it was built after the crusades, probably in connec- tion with the caravan route from Egypt to Damascus. The breadth of the river at this place has been variously stated from 64 to 80 ft. About 13 m. belpw it enters the lake of Tiberias or Gennesaret, which is between 600 and 700 ft. below the Mediterranean, and about as much above the Dead sea. Issuing from the S. extremity of this lake, the river enters a broad valley, or gftor, by which name the natives designate a depressed tract or plain between the mountains ; the Bible calls it " the plain;" its width varies from 5 to 10 m. The river at first winds very much, and flows first near the W. hills, then turns E., and continues to the district called Kurn el-Hemar, then again returning toward the W. side. Lower down it rather follows the middle of the great val- ley. Its course is so tortuous that within a space of only 60 m. long and 4 or 5 m. broad it traverses at least 200 m. and plunges over 27 formidable rapids. It enters the Dead sea at its N. extremity, 1,316 ft. below the Medi-