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JOVIUS JUAN FERNANDEZ 695 ing ; whether suffocated by the charcoal fire in the room, or overcome by intemperance, or the victim of poison, is uncertain. JOVIUS, Panlns. See GIOVIO. JOWETT, Benjamin, an English clergyman and critic, born at Camberwell in 1817. He was educated at St. Paul's school, elected scholar of Balliol college, Oxford, in 1835, and fellow three years later. He became tutor in his college in 1842, was very successful as an educator, and was appointed regius professor of Greek in the university in 1855, and master of Balliol college in 1870. He published a " Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, Galatians, and Romans" (2 vols., 1855), and contributed to the " Essays and Reviews " a paper " On the Inspiration of Scripture." His principal work is " The Dia- logues of Plato, translated into English, with Analyses and Introductions " (4 vols., 1871). JOWF, or Djowf (Arab., belly), a province of the sultanate of Jebel Shomer, Arabia, between lat. 29 and 30 N., and Ion. 39 and 41 E. ; area, about 700 sq. m. ; pop. about 40,000. It is a kind of oasis, a deep oval depression in the desert, by which it is surrounded as if by hills, about 70 m. long by 10 or 12 broad. The prin- cipal town, of the same name, is a collection of eight villages, once distinct but now united. Sekakah, another large village, lies 12 m. N. E. of Jowf. The united population of the two towns is about 34,000. The climate of the val- ley is temperate and dry. The gardens of the Jowf are celebrated in that part of the East. The date palm is the main object of cultivation, but the peach, apricot, fig, and grape grow luxuriantly, and surpass in flavor the fruits of Syria and Palestine. Various cereals, legumi- nous plants, gourds, melons, &c., are also raised. The gardens are irrigated by running streams, instead of from wells and cisterns, as in the interior. The inhabitants are fine specimens of the northern Arab type. They are tall, well proportioned, and of dignified carriage, strong, active, long-lived, brave, hospitable, and intel- ligent. They are said to have been Christians before their forcible conversion to Islamism. The Jowf became subject to the Wahabee mon- archy near the close of the last century, but re- covered its independence at the downfall of that power. Civil contentions followed, and the surrounding Bedouins forced it into a tributary position. Tiffs continued until the rise of the new sultanate of Jebel Shomer, when it was subdued and made a province of that govern- ment. Since then it has advanced rapidly in wealth, and civilization. JOZE, Antonio, a Portuguese dramatist, born in Lisbon early in the 18th century, burnt there, Sept. 23, 1745. His comic plays were very popular, especially "Don Quixote" and "^Esop." Being of Jewish descent, he was accused of Judaism, and condemned by the inquisition to die at the stake. His works are included in the Theatro comico portuguez (5 vols., Lisbon, 1759-'62). JUiB, a central county of Utah; area, 1,100 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,034. It is situated in a mountainous region, and contains the sources of streams flowing N". to Utah lake and S. W. to Sevier river and lake. The loftiest peak is Mt. Nebo, 12,000 ft. high. Along the E. bor- der is the most elevated portion of the Wasatch range. Only a small portion is suitable for agriculture. The chief productions in 1870 were 23,965 bushels of wheat, 6.141 of Indian corn, 2,069 of oats, 12,320 of potatoes, 5,947 Ibs. of wool, 23,300 of butter, and 1,181 tons of hay. There were 313 horses, 460 milch cows, 607 other cattle, and 2,908 sheep ; 1 Hour mill, 2 saw mills, and 1 wool-carding estab- lishment. Capital, Nephi. .11 , Dim. See JOHN OP AFSTKIA. Jt'ANES, or Joanes, Vicente, a Spanish painter, born at Fuente la Higuera, Valencia, in 1523, died at Bocairent, near Alicante, Dec. 21, 1579. He studied in Italy, and devoted himself to re- ligious subjects, his piety leading him to par- take of the communion as a preparation for each new painting. His studio at Valencia became a nucleus of art, and he was one of the most renowned Spanish painters of his day. The churches and convents of Valencia and other parts of Spain abound with his works. His masterpieces are the " Baptism of Christ " in the cathedral of Valencia, and six pictures of the life of St. Stephen in the royal palace of Madrid. The finest of his works in the Louvre is the " Holy Supper." JCAN FERNANDEZ, an island in the South Pa- cific ocean, in lat, 33 38' S., Ion. 78 46' W., about 420 m. W. of Valparaiso, belonging to Chili. It is of irregular form, about 12 m. in length from E. to W., but not more than 4 m. across in the widest part. A small detached portion at the S. W. end is called Santa Clara island. About 92 m. "W. lies a small island called Mas-a-Fuera (further off shore), Juan Fernandez being distinguished as Mas-a-Tierra (nearer the mainland). Mas-a-Fuera is covered with trees and well provided with fresh water ; but being destitute of anchorage or landing place, it is seldom visited, and very little known. Juan Fernandez is, like most of the isolated oceanic islands, of volcanic origin, though the original shape and position of the crater are difficult to trace. The principal material in its formation is a stratified tufa, interspersed with blocks of harder volcanic rocks, such as vesic- ular lava and greenstone. The N. E. part is high, rising to 3,000 ft. in the mountain called El Yunque (the anvil). The headlands form abrupt cliffs toward the sea, and are separated by narrow valleys, clothed in rich vegetation, and watered by small streams of excellent wa- ter. The S. W. prolongation of the island is less elevated, forming a plateau covered with grass, destitute of trees, and bordered by cliffs. A few other parts of the S. shore present the same appearance. The island is very pictu- resque, particularly when approached from the north. The mountains, rising rapidly from