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KENTUCKY 797 Fulton, Gallatin, Garrard, Grant, Graves, Grayson, Green, Greenup, Hancock, Ilardin, Harlan, Harrison, Hart, Henderson, Henry, Hickman, Hopkins, Jackson, Jefferson, Jessa- mine, Johnson, Kenton, Knox, Laurel, La Rue, Lawrence, Lee, Letcher, Lewis, Lincoln, Livingston, Logan, Lyon, McCracken, McLean, Madison, Magoffin, Marion, Marshall, Martin, Mason, Meade, Menifee, Mercer, Metcalfe, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Muhlenburg, Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio, Oldham, Owen, Ows- ley, Pendleton, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, Robertson, Rock Castle, Rowan, Russell, Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Taylor, Todd, Trigg, Trimble, Union, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, Whitley,Wolf, and Woodford. Louis- ville (pop. in 1870, 100,753) is the largest city and the commercial emporium of the state; Frankfort (5,396) is the capital; Lexington (14,801) is the most important inland city. Maysville (4,705), Covington (24,505) and New- state Seal of Kentucky. port (15,087), on opposite sides of the mouth of Licking river, and facing Cincinnati, Ohio, Henderson (4,171), and Paducah (6,866) are the most important cities on the Ohio riv- er, all of which are the termini of railroads from the interior. The other cities of the state, according to the census of 1870, are Franklin, with 1,808 inhabitants; Hopkinsville, 3,136; Owensboro, 3,437; and Paris, 2,655. Harrodsbnrg and Boonesborough are the oldest towns. The population of the state at decen- nial periods has been as follows : U. S. CENSUS. White. Fre. colored. SUre. Total. Rank. 1790 61 183 114 11,880 78,077 14 1800 179,871 741 40,348 220.595 9 ]810 824 237 1,718 80,561 406,511 T 1820 434644 2.941 126,732 564.817 6 1880 617,787 4.917 165,218 687,917 6 1840 690,258 7,317 1M.2X 779.828 6 1850 761 418 10 Oil 210.9S1 982.405 8 I860 919,4S4 10,684 226,483 1,155,684 9 1870 1,098 692 222,210 1,821,011 8 Of the total population in 1870, 665,675 were males and 655,336 females; 1,257,613 were native and 63,398 foreign-born. Of the col- ored, 177,499 were blacks and 44,711 mulat- toes, and there were 108 Indians. Of the na- tives, 875,415 whites, 205,583 colored, and 83 Indians were born in the state, 12,877 in North Carolina, 19,533 in Ohio, 49,952 in Tennessee, and 44,102 in Virginia and West Virginia. The foreign-born comprised 30,318 born in Germany, 21,642 in Ireland, 4,173 in England, 2,052 in France, 1,147 in Switzerland, and 1,019 in Scotland. The density of population was 35-33 to a square mile. There were 232,- 797 families, with an average of 5-67 persons to each, and 224,969 dwellings, each contain- ing an average of 5-87 persons. The increase in the aggregate population from 1860 to 1870 was 14-30 per cent., while there was a loss of 5-91 per cent, in the colored population. The number of male citizens 21 years old and up- ward was 282,305. There were 249,567 per- sons 10 years old and upward who were un- able to read, and 332,176 could not write. Of the 201,077 white illiterates, 57,766 were from 10 to 15 years of age, 36,760 were from 15 to 21, and 106,551 were 21 years old and over, of whom 43,826 were males and 62,725 were females. There were 131,050 colored illiter- ates, of whom 24,958 were from 10 to 15 years old, 24,926 were from 15 to 21, and 81,166 were 21 and over, of whom 37,889 were males and 43,277 females. There were also 49 In- dian illiterates. Among male adults the per- centage of illiterates to the total number was 28-23 ; among female adults, 37'08. The num- ber of paupers supported during the year end- ing June 30, 1870, was 2,059, at a cost of $160,717. Of the total number (1,784) receiv- ing support June 1, 1870, 1,080 were white and 704 colored. The number of persons con- victed of crime during the year was 603. Of the total number (1,067) in prison June 1, 1870, 624 were white and 443 colored. The state contained 978 blind, 723 deaf and dumb, 1,245 insane, and 1,141 idiotic. Of the total population 10 years of age and over (930,136), there were engaged in all occupations 41 4,593 ; in agriculture, 261,080, of whom 127,911 were agricultural laborers, and 131,598 farmers and planters; in professional and personal services, 84,024, including 1,080 clergymen, 41,368 do- mestic servants, 24,981 laborers not specified, 1,652 lawyers, 2,414 physicians and surgeons, 2,961 teachers not specified ; in trade and transportation, 25,292; and in manufactures and mechanical and mining industries, 44,197. The total number of deaths from all causes in 1870 was 14,345; there were 2,500 deaths from consumption, the number of deaths from all causes to one from consumption being 5-7 ; the deaths from pneumonia numbered 1,514, there being 11-7 deaths from all causes to one from that disease; 334 deaths resulted from intermittent and remittent fever, 661 from en- teric fever, and 880 from diarrhoea, dysentery, and enteritis. The western part of Kentucky is nearly level, the broad plains being varied