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KEPPEL KERGUELEN ISLAND 809 library of sciences in St. Petersburg. A com- plete edition of the works of Kepler, including all his unedited manuscripts, was published at Frankfort (8 vols., 1858-'70.) KEPPEL. I. Augustus, viscount, an English ad- miral, son of the second earl of Albemarle (a title conferred in 1695 on Arnold Joostvan Keppel, lord of Voorst, a Dutch general who accompa- nied William of Orange to England in 1688), born April 2, 1725, died in Suffolk, Oct. 2, 1786. He entered the navy in 1740 under the auspices of Lord Anson, with whom he circumnavigated the globe. In 1744 he became a post captain, and for many years rendered important ser- vices as commander of single ships or of squad- rons, being almost uniformly successful in the expeditions he undertook. In 1762 he was made rear admiral of the blue ; and in July, 1778, being then admiral of the red, and in command of a large fleet of ships of the line, he had an indecisive conflict with the French squadron under D'Orvilliers off Ushant. The British fleet having hauled off to repair dam- ages, a signal was given by the admiral to re- new the battle ; but the failure of Sir Hugh Palliser, who commanded the rear, to obey it, enabled the French to escape. Palliser subse- quently brought articles of accusation against Keppel, which upon investigation by a court martial were declared unfounded, while the con- duct of Keppel was approved. He was subse- quently at different times first lord of the ad- miralty, and in April, 1782, wascreated Viscount Keppel of Elvedon in Suffolk, having for many years previous been a member of the house of commons. II. George Thomas, sixth earl of Albemarle, born June 13, 1799, succeeding his brother, the fifth earl, in 1851. He entered the army, and was at the battle of Waterloo. In 1846 he became one of the secretaries of Lord John Russell, and sat in the house of commons, in the interest of the liberal party, from 1832 to 1835, and again from 1847 to 1851. He has written "Journey from India to England " (2 vols., 1827), "Journey across the Balkan" (2 vols., 1831), and "Memoirs of the Marquess of Rockingham" (1852). III. Sir Henry, an admiral, brother of the preceding, born June 14, 1809. He entered the navy at an early age, and was made lieutenant in 1829 and commander in 1833. He commanded one of the Vessels of the expedition against China in 1842, and assisted Sir James Brooke in Borneo. He commanded a division of boats at the de- struction of the Chinese war fleet in the Fat- shan creek, June 1, 1857, for which service he was made a K. C. B. In May, 1860, he was appointed to the Cape of Good Hope as na- val commander-in-chief, and was subsequently transferred to the Brazilian station. In 1867 he went to the China and Japan station as vice admiral and commander-in-chief. In 1869 he returned to England on attaining the rank of full admiral, and in the following year he was made D. C. L. of Oxford. He has written " The Expedition to Borneo of II. M. S. Dido " (2 vols., 1847), and "A Visit to the Indian Archipelago in H. M. S. Meander" (2 vols., 1853), both of which contain extracts from Brooke's diary. His brother, the Rev. THOMAS ROBERT KEPPEL (born 1817, died 1863), wrote the "Life of Admiral Keppel " (2 vols., 1842). KERATRY. I. Angnste Hllarion de, a French statesman and author, born in Rennes, Oct. 28, 1769, died in November, 1859. Ho in- herited the title of count, but never used it, and though sympathizing with the revolution was twice arrested. He became a deputy in 1818, and again in 1822 and 1827, and warmly supported liberal measures, publishing vigorous pamphlets against the restoration of the cen- sorship ; and he was one of the principal pro- moters of the overthrow of Charles X. and of the accession of Louis Philippe, who made him a peer in 1837. In 1849 he was once more chosen to the legislative assembly, where he exasperated the radicals by his opening address as the oldest member. He strenuously opposed Louis Napoleon, and was among those who were arrested Dec. 2, 1851, but was soon re- leased. His principal works are: Inductions morales et philosophiques (Paris, 1817); Du beau dans les arts limitation (3 vols., 1822) ; Lea derniers det Beaumanoir, ou la tour d'Helvin, a romance (4 vols., 1824) ; Du culte, &c. (1825) ; Frederic Styndall, a novel (5 vols., 1827) ; Saphira, ou Paris et Rome sous V empire (3 vols., 1835); and Une fin de siecle, ou Huit ans (2 vols., 1840). II. Emile de, count, a French politician, son of the preceding, born in Paris, March 20, 1832. He served in Algeria, the Crimea, and Mexico, and retired from the army in 1866. In 1869-'70 he was prominent in the corps legislatif as an active opponent of Napo- leon, though he approved of the war against Prussia. Subsequently he was successively pre- fect of police, general under Gambetta for the organization of recruits, and prefect at Tou- louse and Marseilles ; but his quarrelsome dis- position involved him in difficulties almost everywhere. He has published plays and mis- cellaneous writings, several relating to the Mex- ican expedition, and has been often connected with periodical literature, and lately with the newspaper Le Soir. KKKIil KI.K, or Desolation Island, an unin- habited island of the Indian ocean, in about lat. 49 S., Ion. 70 E., about 100 m. long and 50 m. wide. It contains many bays and inlets, the most important being Christmas harbor, shaped like a horseshoe and with steep rocks rising in a series of terraces to a height of 1,000 ft. This harbor is at the N. extremity of the island, where the soil is entirely volcan- ic, and the mountains toward the N. E. and S. W. are from 500 to 2,500 ft. high. Sea fowl abound, but seals, once numerous, have disap- peared, and there are no land animals. There is scarcely any vegetation. The British ex- ploring vessel Challenger endeavored in vain to effect a landing here in 1874. Kerguelen was selected in that year as one of the Ameri-