Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/407

STOLPE STOMACH 395 prevailed upon him to enter the service of the prince-bishop of Ltibeck, who in 1777 sent him as envoy to Copenhagen. He married Anna von Witzleben in 1782, and resided at Eutin, where through his influence Voss be- ime rector. In 1786 he was transferred to office at Neuenburg in Oldenburg. After his wife's death in 1788 he sought solace in the society of the count and countess Revent- low at Emkendorf, and their influence made rim more orthodox. Soon afterward he was jpointed Danish ambassador at Berlin, and in 1790 he married the countess Sophia von Kedern. He was appointed by the prince- )ishop district governor at Eutin, but obtained leave of absence, and visited Munster, where he became acquainted with the ultramontane >rincess Amalia Gallitzin, and afterward Rome, rhere his growing partiality for Catholicism greatly increased. Seven years later he and lis whole family, excepting his elder daugh- r, formally joined the Catholic church (June I, 1800). This alienated him from many of his former friends, especially from Voss, and conversion influenced that of the younger Schlegel and the tone of other writers of the >mantic school. He resigned his office at itin in the same year, and resided at Miin- till 1812, when the surveillance to which censure of the government subjected him rove him to a secluded locality near Biele- feld, and in 1816 he removed to his Hanove- ian domain of Sondermuhlen. His poetical works form the largest portion of the Werke Bruder Stolberg (22 vols., Hamburg, 1821- '6). Among his other works are Die Insel, a >rose romance developing the Utopian scheme )f a model republic, dramas with choruses, translations of the Iliad and of parts of Plato, ^Eschylus, and Ossian, and GeschicTite der Ee- ion Jesu Ohristi (15 vols., Hamburg, 1811- '18 ; continued by Fr. Kerz to vol. xlv., Mentz, 1825-'46, and by Brischar to vol. lii., 1849- '59). See Der Graf Friedrich Leopold von Stolberg und seine Zeitgenossen, by Menge (2 vols., Gotha, 1862). II. Christian, count, broth- er of the preceding, born in Hamburg, Oct. 15, 1748, died near Eckernforde, Schleswig, Jan. 18, 1821. He was associated with his brother at Gottingen, and shared in many of his poetical and other labors. He held an office at Tremsbuttel, Holstein, from 1777 to 1800. His wife, originally countess of Reventslow, figures in his poems as his beloved Louisa. STOLPE, or Stolp, a walled town of Prussia, in the province of Pomerania, on the navi- gable river Stolpe, 10 m. from its mouth at the port of Stolpemtinde on the Baltic, and 125 m. K E. of Stettin; pop. in 1871, 16,280. It has a castle, three churches, a gymnasium, two hospitals, a house for invalids, and manu- factures of amber, wool, linen, copper, hats, starch, tobacco, and leather. STOMACH, the hollow organ in which the first part of the function of digestion is per- formed in every perfectly developed animal. As a general rule, throughout the vertebrate animals we find a complex stomach associated with a vegetable diet; but this has striking exceptions, as in the dolphin, which has a mul- tiple stomach with an animal diet, and the horse, which has a simple stomach with the same vegetable food as the ox. In man the stomach is the widest and most dilatable part of the alimentary canal ; it is in the upper part of the abdomen, in the epigastric and part of the left hypochondriac region, below the dia- phragm, above the arch of the colon and trans- verse mesocolon, and to a certain extent be- tween the liver and spleen ; it comes in contact in front with the anterior wall of the abdomen, and behind with the organs and vessels lying upon the spine. Its shape varies greatly, but when moderately distended, in or out of the body, resembles a bent cone, curved from be- fore backward and from above downward, following its length ; it lies almost transverse, a The Human Stomach laid open. a. The oesophagus. &. The cardiac dilatation or great pouch, c. The lesser cur- vature, d. The pylorus, e. The hepatic duct. /. The gall bladder, g. The pancreatic duct, opening, together with the common biliary duct, into the duodenum, h i. The duodenum. a little obliquely downward, forward, and to the right; the anterior border is the greater curvature, and is lodged between the folds of the great omentum ; the oesophagus enters at about one quarter of the length from the left extremity; the great cul-de-sac on the left is united to the spleen by short vessels. The "pylorus" is the constriction between the smaller extremity of the stomach, directed toward the right, and the commencement of the duodenum. The average capacity of the stomach is regarded as about five pints; but this varies very much according to the age and habits of the individual, and even according to the alternating conditions of fulness or vacuity. When filled with food, the stomach becomes more horizontal, so that its great curvature looks forward and its lesser curvature back- ward. The stomach is composed of four dis- tinct coats or tunics : 1. The external or peri-