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656 TEOCALLI for the public use, on making adequate com- pensation. Yet another reason is, that the obligation of fealty remains in full force. It is now and here an obligation only to the sov- ereign. It is implied, or rather it is expressed, in the oath of allegiance ; but it does not de- pend on this oath. It is the obligation and the duty which rest on every citizen of the United States, as the condition upon which he holds all property, all interests, and all rights, to be " feall and loiall," as the old law expressed it, to be faithful and loyal to his sovereign, that is, to the state and to the Union. TEOCALLI. See MEXICO, vol. xi., p. 474. TEDS, an ancient Ionian city, on the W. coast of Asia Minor, about 25 m. S. W. of Smyrna. It is noted as the birthplace of Anacreon. It had two good harbors, and was a flourishing commercial town till the Persian conquest. The village of Sighajik, H na. N". of Teos, has walls constructed from its ruins. The chief ruin is that of the temple of Bacchus. TEPLITZ, or Toplitz, a watering place of N. Bohemia, in the circle of Leitmeritz, 45 m. N. W. of Prague; pop. in 1870, including the adjoining village of Schonau, 11,618. In the season of 1875 it was visited by about 30,000 invalids and tourists. Of the 17 alkalo-saline springs, 11 are now used, chiefly for the gout and rheumatism. A treaty of alliance between Russia, Prussia, and Austria, against Napoleon, was concluded here, Sept. 9, 1813. TEQUENDAMA, Falls of. See BOGOTA. TERA1IO. I. A province of S. Italy, former- ly Abruzzo Ulteriore I. (See ABRUZZO). II* A town, capital of the province (anc. Interamnd), 85 m. N. E. of Rome; pop. about 19,000. It is the see of a bishop, and has a modernized Gothic cathedral, and manufactories of hats and cream of tartar. Interamna, which is also the ancient name of Terni and other places, was a city of Picenum. Many vestiges of the ancient city have been discovered on the site of Teramo. TERATOLOGY (Gr. ripas, a wonder or mon- ster, and Adyof, discourse), that branch of phys- iological science which treats of the malfor- mations and monstrosities of plants and ani- mals. On account of its greater interest, more attention has been given to the latter, particu- larly within the present century, by French and German physiologists. There was no at- tempt to systematize the study of monstrosities till the time of Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, who gave the science the above name. His classification is given in the article MONSTER. He divides the history of monstrosities into three periods, viz. : the fabulous, the positive, and the scientific. The fabulous period is all that prior to the 18th century; the positive embraces the first half of the 18th century; while the scientific dates from the middle of that century. In the fabulous period the prev- alent belief attributed the formation of human monsters to divine anger as punishments to parents, or to demoniacal influence, and as the TERBIUM progeny of the devil they were destroyed. As late as the beginning of the 17th century it was said by learned men that children with six fingers were made in the image of the devil, and a remnant of such superstition still exists. The first important work was published by Leicetus in 1616, in which he gives a great collection of the most fabulous monsters. He quotes largely from a work on monsters by Lycosthenes (1557), and his pages abound in wonders. A work published by Haller in 1768 is the first which may be regarded as scien- tific. Buffon gives a classification of mon- sters in his "Natural History." Meckel, the celebrated physiologist, published a complete treatise on monsters in his Handbuch der pa- thologischen Anatomie (1812-'18), and Tiede- mann makes important observations on the genesis of monsters in his Anatomie der Icopf- losen Missgeburten (1813). Works of the great- est importance were those of the two Geof- froy Saint-Hilaires (1822, 1829, and 1832-'6). A work on monsters in Dutch and Latin, by W. Vrolik, is one of the most complete man- uals on teratology (Amsterdam, 1840-'42; new ed., fol., with 100 plates, 1849), and contains the most complete atlas that has ever been published. See also articles in the transactions of the New York state medical society for 1865, '66, '67, and '68, on "Diploteratology," by Dr. J. G. Fisher of Sing Sing, N. Y., giving a brief history of the subject of teratology, adding to the classification, and giving also the history of many cases of double monsters ; J. North, "Lectures on Monstrosities" (Lon- don "Lancet," 1840); Allen Thompson, "Re- marks upon the Early Condition and Probable Origin of Double Monsters," in " London and Edinburgh Monthly Journal of the Medical Sci- ences " (1844) ; J. Vogel, Pathologische Anato- mie des Menschlichen Korpers (Leipsic, 1845); 0. Rokitansky, Lehrbuch der pathologiscJien Anatomie (Vienna, 1851-'61) ; William F. Mont- gomery, "Account of a very remarkable Case of Double Monster," &c., in "Dublin Quar- terly Journal of the Medical Sciences" (1853); A. Forster, Die Missbildungen des Menschen (2 vols. 4to, with 26 plates, Jena, 1861) ; and M. Lerboullet, Recherches sur les monstruosites du brocket olservees dans Vauf, et sur leur mode de production, in the Annales des sciences no- turelles (Paris, 1863). TERBIUM, a supposed metal discovered by Mosander in 1843, associated with erbium and yttrium in the mineral gadolinite. Very care- fully conducted experiments of Bahr and Bun- sen throw great doubt on the existence of ter- bium, and further experiments are required to afford a perfectly satisfactory answer to the question whether crude yttria is a mixture of three earths or of only two. According to Delafontaine, terbia is an earth of a pale rose color, the solutions of which exhibit an ab- sorption spectrum, whereas the salts of erbia do not exhibit the same phenomenon by pris- matic analysis. The metal terbium has never