Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/397

VIRGINIA 377 INDUSTRIES. No. of stab- llsh- ments. Hands em- ployed. Capital. Value of products. Agricultural implements. . Blacksmithing 87 825 267 1,485 $187,128 189,498 $408,457 729,128 498 850 160,876 0:{s IJJM Bakery products 43 163 58,675 808,264 Carpentering and building Carriages and wagons Cars, freight and passenger Clothing, men's 819 186 7 95 915 563 469 278 174,747 157,565 1,205,600 60,905 1,020,980 889,668 613,036 290,884 " women's. . . 51 103 19240 105 737 Cotton goods, not specified Fertilizers 11 7 1,741 42 1,128,000 72,000 1,435,800 180505 Flouring and grist-mill 1,556 2,592 5 324 846 12 649 276 Furniture 126 811 132 942 280832 Iron, blooms 5 141 125,530 222,700 ' forged and rolled " nails and spikes " pigs 12 1 18 696 160 1,086 810,200 125,000 828,700 1,994,146 850,000 619 820 " castings 54 541 554,235 769,274 Leather, tanned 172 813 211.790 462,149 " curried 146 194 90694 828 294 Liquors, distilled 49 140 288,685 415990 " malt 82 286,900 88,830 Lumber, sawed 605 2,283 979,886 2,111,055 Machinery 28 523 714,727 591,172 Paper 4 77 401 000 244,268 Saddlery and harness Sash, doors, and blinds. . . . Sumach, ground . 128 17 12 245 143 61 90,690 107,672 126 450 281,231 154,508 221,230 Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware ... 80 251 120,357 296,998 Tobacco, chewing, smo- king, and snuffing Tobacco, cigars 94 85 7,414 114 1,861,700 29,425 6,935,249 114,191 Wool-carding and cloth- 50 76 44875 136,128 Woollen eroods . . . 19 203 391.500 852.829 Besides the above, the products of mines and' quarries amounted to $409,914, including bitu- minous coal valued at $226, 114; copper, $8,000; gold quartz, $31,000; iron ore, $23,000; lead, $23,000; slate, $42,800; stone, $51,000; and zinc, $5,000. The amount of capital invested in mining was $1,113,000, of which $779,200 was in the coal industry. The pig iron made in Vir- ginia in 1874 was valued at $29,451. Chesa- peake bay, the great rivers that empty into it and into the Atlantic, the numerous navigable bays, commodious harbors, roads, inlets, &c., along the eastern border of the state, give to Virginia rare commercial facilities. Large ships enter the interior of the state through rivers and other navigable waters. The Potomac is navi- gable for about 120 m. from where it enters the bay, 75 m. from the ocean. Steamers and sail- ing vessels ascend the Kappahannock to Fred- ericksburg, about 100 m. from its mouth at the bay. Vessels drawing 11 ft. go to Tappa- hannock, the port of entry for the river. The Pianketank is navigable for about 14 m. ; Mob- jack bay and its rivers afford entrances to the Gloucester peninsula. York river from the bay to Yorktown, about 13m. distant, affords an excellent harbor. Ships drawing 27 ft. go nearly to West Point at the head of the river and about 40 m. from the bay. The Matta- pony and the Pamunkey, which unite to form the York, are navigable, the former for 30 m. and the latter for 35 m. from West Point. The James is navigable for vessels drawing 14 ft. to Richmond, nearly 150 m. from the bay, and for those drawing 15 ft. to the mouth of the Appomattox, about 60 m. below Richmond. The Appomattox is navigable for about 12 m. to Petersburg, a port of entry. The Chick- ahominy and Nansemond, tributaries of the James, are also navigable for short distances. Hampton roads, the broad estuary of James river, is one of the best harbors on the Atlan- tic coast. The Elizabeth river is a broad arm of Hampton roads, extending for 12 m., and affording the magnificent harbor between Nor- folk and Portsmouth and Gosport, which is connected with the navigable sounds and rivers of North Carolina by ship canals. The for- eign commerce of Virginia consists chiefly in the export of raw materials, most of the for- eign imports brought to the state being en- tered at northern ports. Norfolk and Ports- mouth are important points for the shipment of cotton. Virginia contains seven United States customs districts, which, with their for- eign commerce and the number and tonnage of vessels registered, enrolled, and licensed, for the year ending June 30, 1875, are as follows: DISTRICTS. Importi. Exports. BEQISTEBED, AC. Veueli. TOM. Alexandria $8,060 98 863 880 6 88 78 114 8,198-79 6,925-88 18,977-24 62-09 4,615-01 1,808-88 2,288-76 Norfolk and Ports- mouth 18,929 26,188 433,905 $5,243,986 699 2,944,642 Petersburg Richmond Total... $487,082 $8,189,827 1,072 81,876-05 The ports of entry have the same names as the districts, except that Crisfield is the port of entry in the Cherrystone district. The leading exports are tobacco, naval stores, cotton, and lumber. The entrances and clearances were : DISTRICTS. ENTERED. CLEABED. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. FOREIGN POSTS. 17 24 11 44 5,445 18,299 2.448 10,775 Norfolk and Portsmouth. . . . 106 1 108 49,882 282 29,144 Richmond Total 96 81,962 210 78,758 COASTWISE. 190 87,078 182 85,964 Norfolk and Portsmouth .... 1,152 448 661 122 213 i,'o41,96i 448,089 686,409 94,648 206,448 1,067 428 574 118 218 1,002,8?6 487,274 515,976 93,578 206,448 Yorktown Total... 2,781 2,414,563 2,582 2,842,116 The total number of vessels built in the state was 45, of 1,473 tons. In 1876 there was 1,616 m. of railroad in Virginia. The lines wholly or partly within the state, with their termini, total length, and mileage in Virginia, were :